Children's verbal, visual and spatial processing and short-term storage abilities: An analysis of verbal comprehension, reading, counting and mathematics

Journal article

Gordon, R., Smith-Spark, J. H., Newton, E. J. and Henry, L. A. (2021). Children's verbal, visual and spatial processing and short-term storage abilities: An analysis of verbal comprehension, reading, counting and mathematics. Frontiers in Psychology. 12, p. 5671. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732182
AuthorsGordon, R., Smith-Spark, J. H., Newton, E. J. and Henry, L. A.
Abstract

The importance of working memory (WM) in reading and mathematics performance has been widely studied, with recent research examining the components of WM (i.e., storage and processing) and their roles in these educational outcomes. However, the differing relationships between these abilities and the foundational skills involved in the development of reading and mathematics have received less attention. Additionally, the separation of verbal, visual and spatial storage and processing and subsequent links with foundational skills and downstream reading and mathematics has not been widely examined. The current study investigated the separate contributions of processing and storage from verbal, visual and spatial tasks to reading and mathematics, whilst considering influences on the underlying skills of verbal comprehension and counting respectively. Ninety-two children aged 7- to 8-years were assessed. It was found that verbal comprehension (with some caveats) was predicted by verbal storage and reading was predicted by verbal and spatial storage. Counting was predicted by visual processing and storage, whilst mathematics was related to verbal and spatial storage. We argue that resources for tasks relying on external representations of stimuli related mainly to storage, and were largely verbal and spatial in nature. When a task required internal representation, there was an additional draw on processing and visual abilities. Findings suggest a possible meaningful separability of types of processing. Further investigation of this could lead to the development of an enhanced WM model, which might better inform interventions and reasonable adjustments for children who struggle with reading and mathematics due to WM deficits.

KeywordsWorking memory; Reading; Mathematics; Verbal comprehension; Counting; Storage; Processing
Year2021
JournalFrontiers in Psychology
Journal citation12, p. 5671
PublisherFrontiers Media
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732182
Web address (URL)https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732182
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Print03 Dec 2021
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Accepted10 Nov 2021
Deposited06 Dec 2021
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