Being bad to do good: using reverse psychology to embed Life Cycle Thinking and knowledge of Sustainable Development Goals in design and engineering curricula

Conference presentation


Andrews, D., Lishman, B. and Newton, E. (2020). Being bad to do good: using reverse psychology to embed Life Cycle Thinking and knowledge of Sustainable Development Goals in design and engineering curricula . 2nd International Conference on Life Cycle innovation (LCIC 2020). Online 26 - 28 Aug 2020
AuthorsAndrews, D., Lishman, B. and Newton, E.
TypeConference presentation
Abstract

Designers and engineers have developed many products, systems and services that have been socially, economically and environmentally beneficial; however, they have also been initiators of and contributors to the linear economy, which has created many negative impacts and is proving unsustainable (1). Either way, the power and influence of the design and engineering professions is indisputable and therefore the role of educators as arbiters of good practice is critically important. Consequently, it is surprising that some courses still fail to include sustainability as a core subject and/or that sustainability is seen as a ‘tick box’ criterion that is ignored or forgotten once covered in an assignment.
In the latter case this could be due to: students feeling over-whelmed by the breadth of criteria they need to address in their assignments; the way in which assignment briefs are presented and marks allocated; ‘eco- fatigue’ (e.g. in response negatives such as green washing) and/or eco-anxiety. This and similar phenomena such as climate-depression are increasing among people who work in sustainability-related professions and young people who feel as though they have no control over their future or are powerless to initiate positive change (2).
It is important for educators to develop pedagogic strategies to simultaneously mitigate these issues and ensure that sustainability remains core to design and engineering courses; it is equally important to help students to deal with their negative feelings. Education for Sustainable Development involves developing positive solutions to problems. However, this paper proposes that reverse psychology (3) can be used to create enjoyable and educationally memorable experiences that highlight the need for good practice.
In simple terms, reverse psychology encourages someone to do something by suggesting that he/she does the opposite (4). This paper describes a case study where first year engineering and design students were asked to develop the most unsustainable concept and to negate as many SDGs possible in response to subjects such as food / water supply and resource consumption. Once the students realised that ‘bad was good’ in this context the level of creativity and innovation rose and the end-of-project presentations were high spirited and humorous. This controversial approach has proved successful so far and the response to subsequent assignments asking for sustainable design proposals have been of a higher standard than those from other year groups and each has included evidence of Life Cycle Thinking and intrinsic links to Sustainable Development Goals with limited prompting.

1. Andrews, D., The circular economy, design thinking and education for sustainability. Local Economy; Article first published online: March 19, 2015; Issue published: May 1, 2015 Volume: 30 issue: 3, page(s): 305-315.

2. Clayton, S., Manning, C. M., Krygsman, K., & Speiser, M. (2017). Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, and ecoAmerica.

3. Pennebaker, J. W. and Sanders, D. Y. (1976) American graffiti: Effects of authority and reactance arousal. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2, 264-267

4. MaDonald, G., Nail, P.R and Harper, J.R. Do people use reverse psychology? An exploration of strategic self-anti-conformity. January 2011; Social Influence 6(1): 1-14
DOI: 10.1080/15534510.2010.517282

Year2020
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Accepted30 Apr 2020
Deposited23 Apr 2020
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De Grussa, Z, Andrews, D, Newton, EJ, Lowry, GD, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2016). A Literature Review Outlining the Importance of Blinds and Shutters as a Sustainable Asset that has the Potential to enhance the Productivity of Occupants in the UK. Going North for Sustainability Doctoral Workshop ARCOM / CHOBE. London South Bank University, London 30 Jun 2016 London South Bank University.
Talking with experts - from research to objects: using academic research as the basis of collaborative and cross disciplinary projects for design students
Soares, S and Andrews, D (2016). Talking with experts - from research to objects: using academic research as the basis of collaborative and cross disciplinary projects for design students. 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. Aalborg, Denmark 08 - 09 Sep 2016
Radi(c)al Departures: Comparing Conventional Octolinear Versus Concentric Circles Schematic Maps for the Berlin U-Bahn/S-Bahn Networks Using Objective and Subjective Measures of Effectiveness
Roberts, MJ, Newton, EJ and Canals, M (2016). Radi(c)al Departures: Comparing Conventional Octolinear Versus Concentric Circles Schematic Maps for the Berlin U-Bahn/S-Bahn Networks Using Objective and Subjective Measures of Effectiveness. Information Design Journal. 22 (2), pp. 92-115. https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.22.2.04rob
DEVELOPING CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE RETAIL REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY: HOW FINANCIAL INCENTIVES COULD INFLUENCE REMANUFACTURiNG OF REFRIGERATED DISPLAY CABINETS IN THE UK
Muranko, Z, Andrews, D, Chaer, I, Newton, EJ, Proudman, P and Longhurst, M (2016). DEVELOPING CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE RETAIL REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY: HOW FINANCIAL INCENTIVES COULD INFLUENCE REMANUFACTURiNG OF REFRIGERATED DISPLAY CABINETS IN THE UK. Sustainable Innovation 2016 21st International Conference ‘Circular Economy’ Innovation & Design. University for the Creative Arts Epsom, Surrey, UK 07 - 08 Nov 2016
The Challenges and Benefits of Developing a Sustainable and Circular Business Model for the Blinds and Shutter Industry in the UK
Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2016). The Challenges and Benefits of Developing a Sustainable and Circular Business Model for the Blinds and Shutter Industry in the UK. Sustainable Innovation 2016, 21st International Conference - ‘Circular Economy’ Innovation & Design'. University for the Creative Arts, Epsom, Surrey, UK 07 - 08 Nov 2016
THE BARRIERS TO AND DRIVERS OF A CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE BLINDS AND SHUTTERS INDUSTRY IN THE UK
Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2016). THE BARRIERS TO AND DRIVERS OF A CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE BLINDS AND SHUTTERS INDUSTRY IN THE UK. 5th International conference on Life Cycle Assessment: Life Cycle Thinking for leading managers. Lille, France 08 - 09 Nov 2016
Recrystallisation and damage of ice in winter sports
Seymour-Pierce, A, Lishman, B and Sammonds, P (2016). Recrystallisation and damage of ice in winter sports. Philosophical Transactions A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 375 (2086). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0353
The influence of closed brine pockets and permeable brine channels on the thermo-elastic properties of saline ice
Marchenko, A and Lishman, B (2016). The influence of closed brine pockets and permeable brine channels on the thermo-elastic properties of saline ice. Philosophical Transactions A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 375 (2086). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0351
Novel wireless sensors for in situ measurement of sub-ice hydrologic systems
Bagshaw, E, Lishman, B, Wadham, J, Bowden, J, Burrow, S, Clare, L and Chandler, D (2014). Novel wireless sensors for in situ measurement of sub-ice hydrologic systems. Annals of Glaciology. 55 (65), pp. 41 - 50. https://doi.org/10.3189/2014AoG65A007
A Carbon Footprint Study and a Life Cycle Assessment of an identical Refrigerated Display Cabinet: comparative analysis of the respective ratios of embodied and operational impacts
Bibalou, D, Andrews, D, Chaer, I, Maidment, GG and Longhurst, M (2014). A Carbon Footprint Study and a Life Cycle Assessment of an identical Refrigerated Display Cabinet: comparative analysis of the respective ratios of embodied and operational impacts. 4th International Conference on Life Cycle Approaches. Lille, France 05 - 06 Nov 2014 Forum for Sustainability Through Life Cycle Innovation.
Objective versus subjective measures of metro map usability: Investigating the benefits of breaking design rules.
Roberts, M.J., Newton, E.J., Lagattolla, F.D., Hughes, S. and Hasler, M.C. (2013). Objective versus subjective measures of metro map usability: Investigating the benefits of breaking design rules. International Journal of Human Computer Studies. 71, pp. 363-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.09.004
Potential life cycle carbon savings with low emissivity packaging for refrigerated food on display
Davies, G., Man, CMD, Andrews, D, Paurine, A, Hutchins, MG and Maidment, GG (2012). Potential life cycle carbon savings with low emissivity packaging for refrigerated food on display. Journal of Food Engineering. 109 (2), pp. 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.018
Number development and children with Specific Language Impairment.
R, Cowan., C, Donlan., Newton, E. J. and D, Lloyd. (2008). Number development and children with Specific Language Impairment. in: A. Dowker (ed.) Mathematical difficulties: psychology and intervention. Academic Press.
The role of language in mathematical development; Evidence from children with specific language impairments.
Donlan, C., Cowan, R., Newton, E.J. and Lloyd, D. (2007). The role of language in mathematical development; Evidence from children with specific language impairments. Cognition. 103 (1), pp. 23-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.02.007
Number skills and knowledge in children with specific language impairment.
Cowan, R., Donlan, C., Newton, E.J. and Lloyd, D (2005). Number skills and knowledge in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Educational Psychology. 97, pp. 732-744. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.97.4.732
Evaluation of the communications aids project.
Wright, J., Clarke, M., Donlan, C., Weatherly, H., Newton, C., Cherguit, J. and Newton, E.J. (2004). Evaluation of the communications aids project. University College London.
Individual differences transcend the rationality debate
Newton, E.J. and Roberts, M.J. (2003). Individual differences transcend the rationality debate. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 26, pp. 530-531. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X03230119
Inspection times, the change task, and the rapid-response selection task.
Roberts, M.J. and Newton, E.J. (2001). Inspection times, the change task, and the rapid-response selection task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 54A, pp. 1031-1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724980143000082
Understanding strategy selection
Roberts, M.J. and Newton, E.J. (2001). Understanding strategy selection. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 54 (1), pp. 137-154. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.2000.0434
An experimental study of strategy development.
Newton, E.J. and Roberts, M.J. (2000). An experimental study of strategy development. Memory & Cognition. 28 (4), pp. 565-573. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03201247