Potential life cycle carbon savings with low emissivity packaging for refrigerated food on display

Journal article

Davies, G., Man, CMD, Andrews, D, Paurine, A, Hutchins, MG and Maidment, GG (2012). Potential life cycle carbon savings with low emissivity packaging for refrigerated food on display. Journal of Food Engineering. 109 (2), pp. 202-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.018
AuthorsDavies, G., Man, CMD, Andrews, D, Paurine, A, Hutchins, MG and Maidment, GG
Abstract

The retail of food produces a large amount of carbon, both directly through embodied energy in the food and its packaging, and indirectly through energy use. Supermarkets are large consumers of energy in the UK, accounting for up to 5% of the UK’s total consumption. A large proportion of this energy, up to 50%, is used in refrigeration of food and much of this is used to cool open type display cabinets. However, work at Unilever Research Laboratory in the 1970s indicated that the input energy required for cooling open display refrigerated cabinets could be substantially reduced by applying low emissivity (i.e. high reflectance) materials in food packaging, causing the cabinet heat load and the temperatures of stored foods to be reduced. One drawback was that it was difficult to print on the surface of these materials without reducing their reflective properties. However, subsequent developments in packaging technology and the use of modern manufacturing processes have overcome the earlier disadvantages of these materials, permitting printing onto the external surfaces of low emissivity packaging, while still retaining its reflective properties. This paper presents an update of the Unilever study, in terms of the potential of modern, low emissivity food packaging materials for improving refrigeration system efficiency. The results of the new study indicate that some types of packaging will allow an increase in refrigerator operating temperature of up to 10 K, with no loss of refrigeration performance with respect to the food. This is expected to result in improved refrigeration system efficiency, with reductions of up to 30% in both energy consumption and carbon emissions and a likely significant increase in shelf life for stored foods. In addition, the embodied carbon for the packaging and the life cycle impact of its use, have been evaluated. Packaging having low embodied energy content has been identified, and it has been predicted that significant net savings in both carbon and energy are possible over the life cycle.

KeywordsRefrigeration; Packaging; Reflective; Supermarkets; Retail display; 0908 Food Sciences; Food Science
Year2012
JournalJournal of Food Engineering
Journal citation109 (2), pp. 202-208
PublisherElsevier
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.10.018
Publication dates
Print01 Mar 2012
Publication process dates
Deposited08 Dec 2017
Accepted04 Oct 2011
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Design and the Circular Economy in the UK Blinds and Shutter Industry
Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2018). Design and the Circular Economy in the UK Blinds and Shutter Industry. in: Charter, M (ed.) Designing for the Circular Economy Oxford Routledge. pp. 360-368
Data Center Sustainability Indices
Tozer, R, Flucker, S, Whitehead, B and Andrews, D (2018). Data Center Sustainability Indices. 2018 ASHRAE Winter Conference & AHR Expo. Chicago, USA 20 - 24 Jan 2018
Heat Recovery Potential from Urban Underground Infrastructures
Davies, G, Boot-Handford, N, Grice, J, Dennis, W, Ajileye, A, Revesz, A and Maidment, GG (2018). Heat Recovery Potential from Urban Underground Infrastructures. ASHRAE Winter Conference. Chicago 20 - 24 Jan 2018 London South Bank University.
Performance Enhancement of Urban Ground Source Heat Pumps through Interactions with Underground Railway Tunnels
Revesz, A, Chaer, I, Thompson, J, Mavroulidou, M, Gunn, M and Maidment, GG (2018). Performance Enhancement of Urban Ground Source Heat Pumps through Interactions with Underground Railway Tunnels. Ashrae Winter Conference. Chicago 22 - 24 Jan 2018 London South Bank University.
Smart Cities – Thermal Networks
Chaer, I, Pope, I and Paurine, A (2018). Smart Cities – Thermal Networks. Eleven International Conference on Thermal Engineering: Theory and Applications. Doha, Qatar 25 - 28 Feb 2018
Benchmarking of supermarket energy consumption
Foster, A, Evans, J and Maidment, GG (2018). Benchmarking of supermarket energy consumption. 5th International Institute of Refrigeration Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Beijing, China, 06 - 08 Apr 2018 IIR. https://doi.org/10.18462/iir.iccc.2018.0006
Control strategy of a novel dry air ground source (DAGS) system
Yebiyo, M, Paurine, A and Maidment, GG (2018). Control strategy of a novel dry air ground source (DAGS) system. CIBSE Technical Symposium 2018, Stretching the Envelop. London 12 - 13 Apr 2018 CIBSE.
The Challenge of Modelling Solar Shading Products and their Impact on the Built Environment
Venturi, L, Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z and Chaer, I (2018). The Challenge of Modelling Solar Shading Products and their Impact on the Built Environment. CIBSE Technical Symposium. London South Bank University, London 12 - 13 Apr 2018 CIBSE.
The Challenge of Modelling Solar Shading Products and Their Impact on the Built Environment.
Venturi, L, Andrews, D and De Grussa, Z (2018). The Challenge of Modelling Solar Shading Products and Their Impact on the Built Environment. CIBSE Technical Symposium. London 12 - 13 Apr 2018 CIBSE.
Reflective Glass Effect on Energy Consumption and Food Quality in Delicatessen Cabinets
Paurine, A, Maidment, GG and Chaer, I (2018). Reflective Glass Effect on Energy Consumption and Food Quality in Delicatessen Cabinets. CIBSE Technical Symposium. London, UK. 12 - 13 Apr 2018 CIBSE.
Improvement of the isolation of the air cavity for ventilated cladding systems for fire safety purposes
Gonzalo, C, Paurine, A and McCann, F (2018). Improvement of the isolation of the air cavity for ventilated cladding systems for fire safety purposes. CIBSE - Technical Symposium 2018. London 12 - 13 Apr 2018
A Real-world Study of the Relationship between Subjective Assessment of Productivity, Subjective Perception of Environmental Conditions and Objective Productivity Measures
De Grussa, Z, Andrews, D, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2018). A Real-world Study of the Relationship between Subjective Assessment of Productivity, Subjective Perception of Environmental Conditions and Objective Productivity Measures. CIBSE Technical Symposium. London 12 - 13 Apr 2018 CIBSE.
The Pro-Circular Change Model (P-CCM)– Proposing A Framework Facilitating Behavioural Change Towards a Circular Economy
Muranko, Z, Andrews, D, Newton, EJ, Chaer, I and Proudman, P (2018). The Pro-Circular Change Model (P-CCM)– Proposing A Framework Facilitating Behavioural Change Towards a Circular Economy. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 135, pp. 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.12.017
Developing a Sustainable and Circular Business Model for the Blinds and Shutter Industry in the UK
Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2018). Developing a Sustainable and Circular Business Model for the Blinds and Shutter Industry in the UK. in: Charter, M (ed.) Designing for the Circular Economy London Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group).
Smart cities – Thermal networks for London
Chaer, I, Pope, I, Yebiyo, M and Paurine, A (2018). Smart cities – Thermal networks for London. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 8, pp. 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2018.07.011
Developing a Circular Economy in the Retail Refrigeration Industry: The Influence of Financial Incentives, Quality Standards and Process Supporting Tools on the Behavioural Intentions to Purchase and Produce Remanufactured Refrigeration Equipment
Muranko, Z, Andrews, D, Chaer, I, Newton, EJ and Proudman, P (2018). Developing a Circular Economy in the Retail Refrigeration Industry: The Influence of Financial Incentives, Quality Standards and Process Supporting Tools on the Behavioural Intentions to Purchase and Produce Remanufactured Refrigeration Equipment. 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Resource Use in Food Chains (ICSEF 2018). Paphos, Cyprus 17 - 19 Oct 2018
Causes, Consequences and Prevention of Refrigeration Fires in Residential Dwellings
Beasley, M, Holborn, P, Ingram, J and Maidment, G (2018). Causes, Consequences and Prevention of Refrigeration Fires in Residential Dwellings. Fire Safety Journal. 102, pp. 66-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.11.001
Combining cooling of underground railways with heat recovery and reuse
Davies, G., Boot-Handford, N, Curry, D, Dennis, W, Ajileye, A, Revesz, A and Maidment, G (2018). Combining cooling of underground railways with heat recovery and reuse. Sustainable Cities and Society. 45, pp. 543-552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.11.045
Using Life Cycle Assessment to Illustrate the Benefits of Blinds as Passive and Sustainable Energy Saving Products in the Domestic Environment in the UK
Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z and Chaer, I (2015). Using Life Cycle Assessment to Illustrate the Benefits of Blinds as Passive and Sustainable Energy Saving Products in the Domestic Environment in the UK. Going north for sustainability. London South Bank University 25 Nov 2015 London South Bank University.
An Assessment of Differing Environmental and Economic Factors and their Impact on the Development of a Circular Economy for Refrigerated Display Cabinets in the UK
Andrews, D, Muranko, Z and Chaer, I (2015). An Assessment of Differing Environmental and Economic Factors and their Impact on the Development of a Circular Economy for Refrigerated Display Cabinets in the UK. Sustainable Innovation 2015. University for the Creative Arts Epsom, Surrey, UK 09 - 10 Nov 2015 London South Bank University.
Metropolitan Integrated Cooling and Heating
Davies, G., Boot-Handford, N, Grice, J, Dennis, W, Rami, R, Nicholls, A and Maidment, GG (2017). Metropolitan Integrated Cooling and Heating. ASHRAE Winter Conference. Las Vegas 28 Jan - 01 Feb 2017
Energy and Water Environmental Trade-Offs of Data Center Cooling Technologies
Andrews, D, Flucker, S, Whitehead, B and Tozer, R (2017). Energy and Water Environmental Trade-Offs of Data Center Cooling Technologies. ASHRAE winter conference. Las Vegas, USA 28 Jan - 01 Feb 2017
Refrigerated warehouses as intelligent hubs to integrate renewable energy in industrial food refrigeration and to enhance power grid sustainability
Fikiin, K, Stankov, B, Evans, J, Maidment, GG, Foster, A, Brown, T, Radcliffe, J, Youbi-Idrissi, M, Alford, A, Varga, L, Alvarez, G, Ivanov, IE, Bond, C, Colombo, I, Garcia-Naveda, G, Ivanov, I, Hattori, K, Umeki, D, Bojkov, T and Kaloyanov, N (2017). Refrigerated warehouses as intelligent hubs to integrate renewable energy in industrial food refrigeration and to enhance power grid sustainability. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 60, pp. 96-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.11.011
The use and impact of manual and motorised blinds as aids to thermal and visual comfort in domestic buildings in the UK
Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2017). The use and impact of manual and motorised blinds as aids to thermal and visual comfort in domestic buildings in the UK. Living and Sustainability: An Environmental Critique of Design and Building Practices, Locally and Globally. London South Bank University, London
Metering measurement challenges & monitoring of a large scale ground source heat pump (GSHP) system
Yebiyo, M, Maidment, GG, Paurine, A and Day, A (2017). Metering measurement challenges & monitoring of a large scale ground source heat pump (GSHP) system. at American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) winter Conference. Las Vegas 28 Feb - 02 Mar 2017
Domestic Refrigerator Design -Safety Issues and Opportunities
Beasley, M, Holborn, PG, Ingram, JM and Maidment, GG (2017). Domestic Refrigerator Design -Safety Issues and Opportunities. The Institute of Refrigeration Event 2nd March 2017. London South Bank University 02 - 02 Mar 2017
Life-Saving Cooling
Yebiyo, M and Maidment, GG (2017). Life-Saving Cooling. CIBSE journal. 201703.
Community Energy in the UK: The End or the Beginning of a Brighter Future?
Mirzania, P, Andrews, D, Ford, A and Maidment, GG (2017). Community Energy in the UK: The End or the Beginning of a Brighter Future? Energy for Society: 1st international conference on Energy Research & Social Science. Sitges, Spain 05 - 07 Apr 2017
Cooling and recovery of heat from underground railway tunnels for district heating
Davies, G, Maidment, GG, Dennis, W, Ajileye, A and Grice, J (2017). Cooling and recovery of heat from underground railway tunnels for district heating. CIBSE ASHRAE Technical Symposium. Loughborough UK 05 - 06 Apr 2017
Overview of Sustainable Refrigerated Road Transport Systems
Davies, GF, Francis, C., Evans, JA and Maidment, GG (2017). Overview of Sustainable Refrigerated Road Transport Systems. in: Smithers, G, Day, L, Ferranti, P, Fischer, A, Glibetic, M, Knoezer, K, Lee, A, McSweeney, P, Robertson, G, Schasteen, C, Smith, N, Tanner, D and Varelis, P (ed.) Reference Module in Food Science Elsevier.
A tale from the tropics: Education for sustainability and the value of project based learning
Andrews, D and Townsend, B (2017). A tale from the tropics: Education for sustainability and the value of project based learning. Building Community: Design Education for a Sustainable Future: 19th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND PRODUCT DESIGN EDUCATION. Oslo, Norway 07 - 08 Sep 2017
Growing Spaces: developing a sustainability literate graduate.
Andrews, D and Soares, S (2017). Growing Spaces: developing a sustainability literate graduate. Building Community: Design Education for a Sustainable Future: 19th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. Oslo, Norway 07 - 08 Sep 2017
Potential Impacts of the Montreal Protocol Kigali Amendment to the Choice of Refrigerant Alternatives
Peixoto, R, Kuijpers, L, Polonara, F and Maidment, GG (2017). Potential Impacts of the Montreal Protocol Kigali Amendment to the Choice of Refrigerant Alternatives. CIAR Conbrava 2017. Sao Paulo - Brazil 12 - 17 Sep 2017
A Case Study assessing the impact of Shading Systems combined with Night-Time Ventilation strategies on Overheating within a Residential Property
De Grussa, A, Andrews, D, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2017). A Case Study assessing the impact of Shading Systems combined with Night-Time Ventilation strategies on Overheating within a Residential Property. 38th AIVC - 6th TightVent & 4th venticool Conference, 2017 Ventilating healthy low-energy buildings,. Nottingham, UK 13 - 14 Sep 2017
Incentivising pro-circular behaviours: proposing a new enhanced capital allowance scheme for remanufactured products - the case of refrigerated display cabinets in the United Kingdom
Muranko, Z, Andrews, D, Chaer, I, Newton, EJ, Proudman, P and Longhurst, M (2017). Incentivising pro-circular behaviours: proposing a new enhanced capital allowance scheme for remanufactured products - the case of refrigerated display cabinets in the United Kingdom. Energy Procedia. 123, pp. 369-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.271
Pro-circular behaviours and refrigerated display cabinets: supporting resource efficiency in the retail refrigeration sector
Muranko, Z, Andrews, D, Chaer, I, Newton, EJ, Proudman, P and Longhurst, M (2017). Pro-circular behaviours and refrigerated display cabinets: supporting resource efficiency in the retail refrigeration sector. Energy Procedia. 123, pp. 70-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.235
Refrigerant emissions and leakage prevention across Europe - Results from the RealSkillsEurope project
Koronaki, IP, Cowan, D, Maidment, GG, Beerrnan, K, Schreurs, M, Kaar, K, Chaer, I, Gontarz, G, Christodoulaki, RI and Cazauran, X (2012). Refrigerant emissions and leakage prevention across Europe - Results from the RealSkillsEurope project. Energy. 45 (1), pp. 71 - 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.05.040
Investigation of an integrated low carbon solar assisted heat pump
Godbold, R, Paurine, A and Maidment, GG (2016). Investigation of an integrated low carbon solar assisted heat pump. 12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants. Edinburgh, United Kingdom 21 - 24 Aug 2016 IIR. https://doi.org/10.18462/iir.gl.2016.1193
Magnetic Attraction
Yebiyo, M and Maidment, GG (2016). Magnetic Attraction. CIBSE journal. 201602, pp. 46-47.
Evaluation of Supermarket Energy Use and Emissions with Various Technology Options
Evans, J, Ge, YT, Tassou, SA, Foster, A and Maidment, GG (2016). Evaluation of Supermarket Energy Use and Emissions with Various Technology Options. Proceedings of IOR. Solihul 03 Mar 2016
Modelling and Evaluation of Supermarket Energy Use and Emissions
Maidment, GG (2016). Modelling and Evaluation of Supermarket Energy Use and Emissions. Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration.
Supermarket energy use and greenhouse gas emissions – technology options review
Evans, JA, Maidment, GG, Brown, T, Hammond, E and Foster, A (2016). Supermarket energy use and greenhouse gas emissions – technology options review. Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration. London 03 Mar 2016
An investigation of Cooling Unit Performance on the London Underground Railway Network
Maidment, GG (2016). An investigation of Cooling Unit Performance on the London Underground Railway Network. CIBSE technical symposium. Edinburgh 13 - 15 Apr 2016 CIBSE.
Carbon reduction opportunities for supermarkets
Evans, JA, Maidment, GG, Brown, T, Hammond, E and Foster, A (2016). Carbon reduction opportunities for supermarkets. 4th IIR International Conference on Sustainability and the Cold Chain. Auckland, New Zealand 07 - 09 Apr 2016 IIR. https://doi.org/10.18462/iir.iccc.2016.0042
A Literature Review Outlining the Importance of Blinds and Shutters as a Sustainable Asset that has the Potential to enhance the Productivity of Occupants in the UK
De Grussa, Z, Andrews, D, Newton, EJ, Lowry, GD, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2016). A Literature Review Outlining the Importance of Blinds and Shutters as a Sustainable Asset that has the Potential to enhance the Productivity of Occupants in the UK. Going North for Sustainability Doctoral Workshop ARCOM / CHOBE. London South Bank University, London 30 Jun 2016 London South Bank University.
The Value of hybrid heat pumps
Yebiyo, M and Maidment, GG (2016). The Value of hybrid heat pumps. CIBSE journal. 2016 (Aug).
Large scale cooling using mains water
Davies, G., Maidment, GG, Paurine, A, Rutter, P, Evans, T and Tozer, R (2016). Large scale cooling using mains water. 12th Institute of Refrigeration Gustav Lorentzen Natural Working Fluids Conference. Edinburgh, UK 21 - 24 Aug 2016
Simulation of the heat recovery use of R744 systems in a supermarket
Colombo, I, Maidment, GG, Chaer, I and Paurine, A (2016). Simulation of the heat recovery use of R744 systems in a supermarket. 12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Natural Working Fluids Conference. Edinburgh, UK 21 - 24 Aug 2016 IIR. https://doi.org/10.18462/iir.gl.2016.1180
Solar assisted heat pumps
Godbold, R, Paurine, A and Maidment, GG (2016). Solar assisted heat pumps. 12th Gustav Lorentzen Natural Working Fluids conference. Edinburgh 20 - 22 Aug 2016
Talking with experts - from research to objects: using academic research as the basis of collaborative and cross disciplinary projects for design students
Soares, S and Andrews, D (2016). Talking with experts - from research to objects: using academic research as the basis of collaborative and cross disciplinary projects for design students. 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. Aalborg, Denmark 08 - 09 Sep 2016
Carbon reduction opportunities for supermarkets
Evans, J, Maidment, GG, Brown, T, Hammond, E and Foster, A (2016). Carbon reduction opportunities for supermarkets. IRHACE journal.
An investigation of refrigerant leakage in commercial refrigeration
Francis, C., Maidment, GG and Davies, G. (2016). An investigation of refrigerant leakage in commercial refrigeration. International Journal of Refrigeration. 74 (Feb), pp. 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2016.10.009
DEVELOPING CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE RETAIL REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY: HOW FINANCIAL INCENTIVES COULD INFLUENCE REMANUFACTURiNG OF REFRIGERATED DISPLAY CABINETS IN THE UK
Muranko, Z, Andrews, D, Chaer, I, Newton, EJ, Proudman, P and Longhurst, M (2016). DEVELOPING CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE RETAIL REFRIGERATION INDUSTRY: HOW FINANCIAL INCENTIVES COULD INFLUENCE REMANUFACTURiNG OF REFRIGERATED DISPLAY CABINETS IN THE UK. Sustainable Innovation 2016 21st International Conference ‘Circular Economy’ Innovation & Design. University for the Creative Arts Epsom, Surrey, UK 07 - 08 Nov 2016
The Challenges and Benefits of Developing a Sustainable and Circular Business Model for the Blinds and Shutter Industry in the UK
Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2016). The Challenges and Benefits of Developing a Sustainable and Circular Business Model for the Blinds and Shutter Industry in the UK. Sustainable Innovation 2016, 21st International Conference - ‘Circular Economy’ Innovation & Design'. University for the Creative Arts, Epsom, Surrey, UK 07 - 08 Nov 2016
THE BARRIERS TO AND DRIVERS OF A CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE BLINDS AND SHUTTERS INDUSTRY IN THE UK
Andrews, D, De Grussa, Z, Chalk, A and Bush, D (2016). THE BARRIERS TO AND DRIVERS OF A CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR THE BLINDS AND SHUTTERS INDUSTRY IN THE UK. 5th International conference on Life Cycle Assessment: Life Cycle Thinking for leading managers. Lille, France 08 - 09 Nov 2016
Life Cycle Assessment of salmon cold chains: Comparison between chilling and superchilling technologies
Hoang, HM, Leducq, D, Brown, T, Maidment, GG, Indergård, E and Alvarez, G (2015). Life Cycle Assessment of salmon cold chains: Comparison between chilling and superchilling technologies. Proceedings of the 24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration. Yokohama, Japan 16 - 22 Aug 2015 International Institute of Refrigeration. pp. 4574-4581 https://doi.org/10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0440
Modelling and development of sustainable Refrigerated road transport systems
Francis, C, Davies, G., Evans, J, Maughan, P, Sherwood, J and Maidment, GG (2015). Modelling and development of sustainable Refrigerated road transport systems. Refrigeration Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.18462/iir.icr.2015.0324
Ground source heat pumps and their interactions with underground railway tunnels in an urban environment: A review
Revesz, A, Chaer, I, Thompson, J, Mavroulidou, M, Gunn, MJ and Maidment, GG (2015). Ground source heat pumps and their interactions with underground railway tunnels in an urban environment: A review. Applied Thermal Engineering. 93, pp. 147 - 154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.09.011
Modelling and measurement of a moving magnet linear compressor performance
Liang, K., Stone, R., Davies, G., Dadd, M. and Bailey, P. (2014). Modelling and measurement of a moving magnet linear compressor performance. Energy. 66, pp. 487-495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.01.035
Estimation of Cooling Energy Demand and Carbon Emissions from Urban Buildings using a Quasi-dynamic Model
Cowan, D, Maidment, GG and Chaer, I (2014). Estimation of Cooling Energy Demand and Carbon Emissions from Urban Buildings using a Quasi-dynamic Model. ASHRAE 2014 Winter Conference. New York city, USA 18 - 22 Jan 2014 London South Bank University.
A Carbon Footprint Study and a Life Cycle Assessment of an identical Refrigerated Display Cabinet: comparative analysis of the respective ratios of embodied and operational impacts
Bibalou, D, Andrews, D, Chaer, I, Maidment, GG and Longhurst, M (2014). A Carbon Footprint Study and a Life Cycle Assessment of an identical Refrigerated Display Cabinet: comparative analysis of the respective ratios of embodied and operational impacts. 4th International Conference on Life Cycle Approaches. Lille, France 05 - 06 Nov 2014 Forum for Sustainability Through Life Cycle Innovation.
Theoretical modelling and experimental investigation of a thermal energy storage refrigerator
Marques, C., Davies, G., Evans, JA, Maidment, GG and Wood, ID (2013). Theoretical modelling and experimental investigation of a thermal energy storage refrigerator. Energy. 55, pp. 457-465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.091
The use of phase change materials in domestic refrigerator applications
Evans, J, Marques, C., Davies, G, Maidment, GG and Wood, ID (2013). The use of phase change materials in domestic refrigerator applications. Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration 2013-2014. London, UK 07 Nov 2013 Institute of Refrigeration.
Novel design and performance enhancement of domestic refrigerators with thermal storage
Marques, C., Davies, G., Maidment, GG, Evans, JA and Wood, ID (2013). Novel design and performance enhancement of domestic refrigerators with thermal storage. Applied Thermal Engineering. 63 (2), pp. 511-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.11.043
Description and validation of a computer based refrigeration system simulator
Eames, IW, Brown, T, Evans, JA and Maidment, GG (2012). Description and validation of a computer based refrigeration system simulator. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 85, pp. 53-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2012.03.010
Carbon dioxide refrigeration with heat recovery for supermarkets
Colombo, I, Maidment, GG, Chaer, I and Missenden, JM (2012). Carbon dioxide refrigeration with heat recovery for supermarkets. International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies. 9 (1), pp. 38-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/cts040
Modelling of a thermal storage refrigerator
Marques, C., Davies, G., Evans, J., Maidment, G. and Wood I. (2011). Modelling of a thermal storage refrigerator. The 23rd IIR International Congress of Refrigeration. Prague, Czech Republic 01 - 01 Aug 2011 International Institute of Refrigeration.
REAL Zero – Reducing refrigerant emissions & leakage- feedback from the IOR Project
Cowan, D, Gartshore, J, Christina, F, Chaer, I and Maidment, GG (2011). REAL Zero – Reducing refrigerant emissions & leakage- feedback from the IOR Project. Proceedings of the Institute of Refrigeration.
Novel Design and Performance of Domestic Refrigerators
Marques, C., Evans, J., Davies, G., Maidment, G. and Wood I. (2010). Novel Design and Performance of Domestic Refrigerators. 1st IIR International Cold Chain Conference. UK, Cambridge 29 - 31 Mar 2010 International Institute of Refrigeration.
Application of Phase Change Materials to Domestic Refrigerators
Marques, C., Davies, G., Maidment, G., Evans, J. and Wood I. (2010). Application of Phase Change Materials to Domestic Refrigerators. 9th IIR Conference on Phase Change Materials and Slurries for Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning. Sofia, Bulgaria 29 Sep 210 - 01 Oct 2010 International Institute of Refrigeration.