The effects of e-cigarette visual appearance on craving and withdrawal symptoms in abstinent smokers
Journal article
Dawkins, L., Munafo, M., Christoforou, G., Olumegbon, N. and Soar, K. (2015). The effects of e-cigarette visual appearance on craving and withdrawal symptoms in abstinent smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 30 (1), pp. 101-105. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000112
Authors | Dawkins, L., Munafo, M., Christoforou, G., Olumegbon, N. and Soar, K. |
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Abstract | Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming increasing popular among smokers, and there is a plethora of devices available. Nicotine delivery is clearly important for reducing tobacco craving and withdrawal symptoms, but other sensorimotor aspects of e-cigarettes (such as visual appearance) may contribute to this effect. This study explored whether it is important for an e-cigarette to visually resemble a tobacco cigarette in order to reduce craving and withdrawal symptoms. Sixty-three cigarette smokers (40% female, aged 18-65 years) who were not current e-cigarette users were randomly allocated to take ten 3-s puffs from either a white or a red first-generation e-cigarette following overnight abstinence. Current craving (urge to smoke) and nicotine withdrawal symptoms (using the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale [MPSS]) were measured before and 10 min after use. Linear regression revealed higher craving and withdrawal symptoms in the red condition versus the white condition, but only among those who were e-cigarette naive (craving: B = .76, p = .009; withdrawal symptoms: B = 2.18, p = .009), not among those with e-cigarette experience (craving: B = -.08, p = .89; withdrawal symptoms: B = .24, p = .81), and these effects differed between groups (p = .04 and 0.01 for craving and withdrawal symptoms, respectively). In conclusion, cigarette-like appearance was associated with lower craving and withdrawal symptoms, but only for those with no prior e-cigarette experience. This effect, putatively mediated via classical conditioning or expectancies, may aid understanding of smokers' initial preferences for "cigalike" e-cigarette devices. |
Year | 2015 |
Journal | Psychology of Addictive Behaviors |
Journal citation | 30 (1), pp. 101-105 |
Publisher | American Psychological Association |
ISSN | 0893-164X |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000112 |
Publication dates | |
28 Sep 2015 | |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 06 Jul 2015 |
Deposited | 27 Jul 2021 |
Accepted author manuscript | License File Access Level Open |
Additional information | © 2015 APA This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record. |
https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/item/8x508
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Accepted author manuscript
E-ciga visual appearance_revised manuscript.pdf | ||
License: CC BY 4.0 | ||
File access level: Open |
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