Understanding the surface generation mechanism during microscratching of Ti-6Al-4V

Journal article

Pratap, A., Divse, V., Goel, S. and Joshi, S.S (2022). Understanding the surface generation mechanism during microscratching of Ti-6Al-4V. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 82, pp. 543-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.08.014
AuthorsPratap, A., Divse, V., Goel, S. and Joshi, S.S
Abstract

A lot of grinding research in the past has been emulated using single grit scratching. This limits studying surface generation mechanism due to overlapping scratches inherent to the grinding process. It not only affects the surface generation mechanism, but also limits studying elastic
recovery which has a significant effect on the final form and topography including the roughness generated after grinding. Taking Ti-6Al-4V as a testbed, this investigation was directed on comparing single scratches with adjacent scratches, which are often referred to as double scratches in literature. During the experiments, the effect of scratch speed, infeed angle and the scratch separation distance on the material removal mechanism in terms of cutting forces, material pile-up area ratio (PA), groove depth, material removal area (MRA) and subsurface deformation were investigated. It was found that the scratch speed significantly affects the pile-up and groove depth because of the phenomenon like stress build up and elastic recovery. A complementary analytical model of ploughing and shearing forces developed here led to the observation that the minimum chip thickness can only be around 0.1 to 0.2 times the
radius of the indenter. Elastic recovery was found to be larger at the the middle of the scratch, which was confirmed with the stress-strain relations derived from the FEM simulations. It was also observed that the spacing between two subsequent scratches can significantly affect the scratched surface quality. These experiments show that the severe ploughing and mid-region ridge features can be avoided by having the scratch pitch to be at least one third of the grit tip radius.

KeywordsTi6Al4V; Machining
Year2022
JournalJournal of Manufacturing Processes
Journal citation82, pp. 543-558
PublisherElsevier
ISSN1526-6125
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.08.014
Web address (URL)https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-manufacturing-processes
Publication dates
Print23 Aug 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted10 May 2022
Deposited13 May 2022
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Zlatanovi, D. L., Balos, S., Bergmann, J. P., Rasche, S., Zavašnik, J., Panchal, V., Sidjanin, L. and Goel, S. (2021). In-depth microscopic characterisation of the weld faying interface revealing stress-induced metallurgical transformations during friction stir spot welding. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 164, p. 103716.
Novel hybrid method to additively manufacture denser graphite structures using Binder Jetting.
Popov, V., Fleisher, A., Muller-Kamskii, G., Shishkin, A., Katz-Demyanetz, A., Travitzky, N. and Goel, S. (2021). Novel hybrid method to additively manufacture denser graphite structures using Binder Jetting. Scientific Reports. 11 (1), p. 2438. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81861-w
Using circular economy principles to recycle materials in guiding the design of a wet scrubber-reactor for indoor air disinfection from coronavirus and other pathogens.
Shishkin, A., Goel, G., Baronins, J., Ozolins, J., Hoskins, C. and Goel, S. (2021). Using circular economy principles to recycle materials in guiding the design of a wet scrubber-reactor for indoor air disinfection from coronavirus and other pathogens. Environmental technology & innovation. 22, p. 101429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101429
Bactericidal surfaces: An emerging 21st-century ultra-precision manufacturing and materials puzzle
Larrañaga-Altuna, M., Zabala, A., Llavori, I., Pearce, O., Nguyen, D., Caro, J., Mescheder, Holger, Endrino, J., Goel, G., Ayre, W., Seenivasagam, R., Tripathy, D., Armstrong, Joe and Goel, S. (2021). Bactericidal surfaces: An emerging 21st-century ultra-precision manufacturing and materials puzzle. Applied Physics Reviews. 8 (2), p. 021303. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0028844
The importance of wavelength for tight temperature control during μ-laser-assisted machining
Dennis, Ashley, Goel, S., Al-Sayegh, Rajab and O’Neill, William (2020). The importance of wavelength for tight temperature control during μ-laser-assisted machining. Journal of Micromanufacturing. 4 (1), pp. 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516598420917866
An atomistic investigation on the wear of diamond during atomic force microscope tip-based nanomachining of Gallium Arsenide
Fan, P., Goel, S., Luo, X., Yan, Y., Geng, Y. and Wang, Y. (2020). An atomistic investigation on the wear of diamond during atomic force microscope tip-based nanomachining of Gallium Arsenide. Computational Materials Science. 187, p. 110115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.110115
New insights into the methods for predicting ground surface roughness in the age of digitalisation
Yuhang, P., Ping, Z., Ying, Y., Anupam, A., Yonghao, W., Dongming, G. and Goel, S. (2020). New insights into the methods for predicting ground surface roughness in the age of digitalisation. Precision Engineering. 67, pp. 393-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.11.001
Horizons of modern molecular dynamics simulation in digitalised solid freeform fabrication with advanced materials
Goel, S., Knaggs, M., Goel, G., Zhou, X. W., Upadhyaya, H.M., Thakur, V. F., Kumar, V., Bizarri, G., Tiwari, A., Murphy, A., Stukowskii, A. and Matthewsj, A. (2020). Horizons of modern molecular dynamics simulation in digitalised solid freeform fabrication with advanced materials. Materials Today Chemistry. 18, p. 100356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100356
Surface Defect incorporated Diamond Machining of Silicon
Khatri, N., Barkachary, B.M., Muneeswaran, B/, Al-Sayegh, R., Luo, X. and Goel, S. (2020). Surface Defect incorporated Diamond Machining of Silicon. Int J of Extreme Manufacturing. 2 (4). https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/abab4a
Distribution of shallow NV centers in diamond revealed by photoluminescence spectroscopy and nanomachining
Jadidi, M.F., Ozer, H.O., Goel, S, Kilpatrick, J.I., McEvoy, N., McCloskey, D., Donegan, J.F. and Cross, G.L.W. (2020). Distribution of shallow NV centers in diamond revealed by photoluminescence spectroscopy and nanomachining. Carbon. 167, pp. 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.04.086
Elastic recovery of monocrystalline silicon during ultra-fine rotational grinding
Huang, N., Yan, Y., Zhou, P., Kang, R., Guo, D. and Goel, S. (2020). Elastic recovery of monocrystalline silicon during ultra-fine rotational grinding. Precision Engineering. 65, pp. 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2020.05.004
Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges like Coronavirus Pandemic
Goel, S., Hawi, S., Goel, G., Thakur, V.K., Pearce, O., Hoskins, C., Hussain, T., Agrawal, A., Upadhyaya, H., Cross, G. and Barber, A. (2020). Resilient and Agile Engineering Solutions to Address Societal Challenges like Coronavirus Pandemic. Materials Today Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100300
The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review
Goel, S. (2020). The Critical Raw Materials in Cutting Tools for Machining Applications: A Review. Materials MDPI. 13 (1377). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061377
An experimental study on lap joining of multiple sheets of aluminium alloy (AA 5754) using friction stir spot welding
Goel, S., Zlatanovic DL and Balos S (2020). An experimental study on lap joining of multiple sheets of aluminium alloy (AA 5754) using friction stir spot welding. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 107, pp. 3093-3107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05214-z
Towards an improved understanding of plasticity, friction and wear mechanisms in precipitate containing AZ91 Mg alloy
Kumar D, Goel, S., Gosvami N and Jain J (2020). Towards an improved understanding of plasticity, friction and wear mechanisms in precipitate containing AZ91 Mg alloy. Materialia. 10, p. 100640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100640
Functional evaluation and testing of a newly developed Teleost’s Fish Otolith derived biocomposite coating for healthcare
Goel, S, Montanez, N. D., Carreno, H., Escobar, P., Estupinan, H. A., Pena, D. Y. and Endrino, J. L. (2020). Functional evaluation and testing of a newly developed Teleost’s Fish Otolith derived biocomposite coating for healthcare. Scientific Reports. 10 (1), pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57128-w
Fused deposition modeling-based additive manufacturing (3D printing): techniques for polymer material systems
Daminabo, S. C., Goel, S, Grammatikos, S. A., Nezhad, H. Y. and Thakur, V. K. (2020). Fused deposition modeling-based additive manufacturing (3D printing): techniques for polymer material systems. Materials Today Chemistry. 16, p. 100248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2020.100248
On the Use of the Theory of Critical Distances with Mesh Control for Fretting Fatigue Lifetime Assessment
Zabala, A., Infante-Garcia, Giner, E., Goel, S., Endrino, J.L. and Llavori, I. (2020). On the Use of the Theory of Critical Distances with Mesh Control for Fretting Fatigue Lifetime Assessment . Tribology International. 142, p. 105985. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.105985
Benchmarking of several material constitutive models for tribology, wear, and other mechanical deformation simulations of Ti6Al4V
Liu C, Goel S, Llavori I, Stolf P, Giusca CL, Zabala A, Kohlscheen J, Paiva JM, Endrino JL and Veldhuis SC Fox Rabinovich GS (2019). Benchmarking of several material constitutive models for tribology, wear, and other mechanical deformation simulations of Ti6Al4V. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 97, pp. 126-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.05.013
Fabrication of functionalised surfaces on Gum metal (Ti-30Nb) using micromachining
Hawi, S., Dickins, A., Pardal, G.R., Giusca, C., Pearce, O. and Goel, S. (2019). Fabrication of functionalised surfaces on Gum metal (Ti-30Nb) using micromachining . euspen’s 19th International Conference & Exhibition, Bilbao, ES, June 2019. Bilbao 03 - 07 Jun 2019 EUSPEN.
Suppressing the Use of Critical Raw Materials in Joining of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Using Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Welding
Balos, S., Dramicanin, M., Janjatovic, P., Zabunov, I., Pilic, B., Goel, S. and Szutkowska, M. (2019). Suppressing the Use of Critical Raw Materials in Joining of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Using Activated Tungsten Inert Gas Welding. Metals. 9 (11), p. 1187. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111187
The role of high-pressure coolant in the wear characteristics of WC-Co tools during the cutting of Ti–6Al–4V
Stolf, P., Paiva, J.M., Ahmed, Y.S., Endrina, J.L., Goel, S. and Veldhuis, S.C. (2019). The role of high-pressure coolant in the wear characteristics of WC-Co tools during the cutting of Ti–6Al–4V. Wear. 440-441, p. 203090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2019.203090
Molecular dynamics simulation of the elliptical vibration assisted machining (EVAM) of pure iron
Goel S, Martinez FD, Chavoshi SZ, Khatri N and Giusca C (2018). Molecular dynamics simulation of the elliptical vibration assisted machining (EVAM) of pure iron. Journal of Micromanufacturing. 1 (1), pp. 6-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516598418765359
The possibility of performing FEA analysis of a contact loading process fed by the MD simulation data
Goel S, Iñigo Llavori AZ, Giusca C, Veldhuis SC and Endrino JL (2018). The possibility of performing FEA analysis of a contact loading process fed by the MD simulation data. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 134, pp. 79-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2018.07.003
Incipient plasticity in tungsten during nanoindentation: Dependence on surface roughness, probe radius and crystal orientation
Beake B and Goel, S. (2018). Incipient plasticity in tungsten during nanoindentation: Dependence on surface roughness, probe radius and crystal orientation. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. 75, pp. 63-69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2018.03.020
Designing nanoindentation simulation studies by appropriate indenter choices: Case study on single crystal tungsten
Goel, S., Cross, G., Stukowski, A., Gamsjager, E., Beake, B. and Agrawal, A. (2018). Designing nanoindentation simulation studies by appropriate indenter choices: Case study on single crystal tungsten. Computational Materials Science. 152, pp. 196-210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2018.04.044
Current trends and future of sequential micro-machining processes on a single machine tool
Chavoshi, S.Z., Goel, S. and Morantz, P. (2017). Current trends and future of sequential micro-machining processes on a single machine tool. Materials & Design. 127, pp. 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.04.057
Cyclic nanoindentation and nano-impact fatigue mechanisms of functionally graded TiN/TiNi film
Faisal NH, Prathuru AK, Goel S, Ahmed R, Droubi MG, Beake BD and Fu YQ (2017). Cyclic nanoindentation and nano-impact fatigue mechanisms of functionally graded TiN/TiNi film. Shape Memory and Superelasticity. 3, pp. 149-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40830-017-0099-y
Addressing the discrepancy of finding equilibrium melting point of silicon using MD simulations
Chavoshi SZ, Xu S and Goel S (2017). Addressing the discrepancy of finding equilibrium melting point of silicon using MD simulations. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2017.0084
Influence of temperature on the anisotropic cutting behaviour of single crystal silicon: A molecular dynamics simulation investigation
Chavoshi, S.Z., Goel, S. and Luo, X. (2016). Influence of temperature on the anisotropic cutting behaviour of single crystal silicon: A molecular dynamics simulation investigation. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 23, pp. 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.06.009
Advances in the surface defect machining (SDM) of hard steels
Rashid, W.B. and Goel, S. (2016). Advances in the surface defect machining (SDM) of hard steels. Journal of Manufacturing Processes. 23, pp. 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.05.007
Influence of microstructure on the cutting behaviour of silicon
Goel, S., Kovalchenko, A., Stukowski, A. and Cross, G. (2016). Influence of microstructure on the cutting behaviour of silicon. Acta Materialia. 105, pp. 464-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.11.046
Data mining to map nutrition value of industrial cheese produced in France
Nguyen, D.T., Singh, S. and Goel, S. (202). Data mining to map nutrition value of industrial cheese produced in France. BioMaterials and Polymers Horizons. https://doi.org/10.37819/bph.001.03.0298