Fruit and vegetable waste used as bacterial growth media for the biocementation of two geomaterials.

Journal article


Mwandira, W., Mavroulidou, M., Joshi, S. and Gunn, M.J. (2024). Fruit and vegetable waste used as bacterial growth media for the biocementation of two geomaterials. The Science of the total environment. 947, p. 174489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174489
AuthorsMwandira, W., Mavroulidou, M., Joshi, S. and Gunn, M.J.
AbstractThis paper investigates the feasibility of using randomly collected fruit and vegetable (FV) waste as a cheap growing medium of bacteria for biocementation applications. Biocementation has been proposed in the literature as an environmentally-friendly ground improvement method to increase the stability of geomaterials, prevent erosion and encapsulate waste, but currently suffers from the high costs involved, such as bacteria cultivation costs. After analysis of FV waste of varied composition in terms of sugar and protein content, diluted FV waste was used to grow ureolytic (S. pasteurii, and B.licheniformis) and also an autochthonous heterotrophic carbonic anhydase (CA)-producing B.licheniformis strain, whose growth in FV media had not been attempted before. Bacterial growth and enzymatic activity in FV were of appropriate levels, although reduced compared to commercial media. Namely, the CA-producing B.licheniformis had a maximum OD of 1.799 and a CA activity of 0.817 U/mL in FV media. For the ureolytic pathway, B. licheniformis reached a maximum OD of 0.986 and a maximum urease activity of 0.675 mM urea/min, and S. pasteurii a maximum OD  = 0.999 and a maximum urease activity of 0.756 mM urea/min. Biocementation of a clay and locomotive ash, a geomaterial specific to UK railway embankments, using precultured bacteria in FV was then proven, based on recorded unconfined compressive strengths of 1-3 MPa and calcite content increases of up to 4.02 and 8.62 % for the clay and ash respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), attested the formation of bioprecipitates with characteristic morphologies and elementary composition of calcite crystals. These findings suggest the potential of employing FV to biocement these problematic geomaterials and are of wider relevance for environmental and geoenvironmental applications involving bioaugmentation. Such applications that require substrates in very large quantities can help tackle the management of the very voluminous fruit and vegetable waste produced worldwide.
KeywordsFruit and vegetable waste; Bioaugmentation; Carbonic anhydrase and urease; Clay and locomotive ash; Biocementation
Year2024
JournalThe Science of the total environment
Journal citation947, p. 174489
PublisherElsevier
ISSN1879-1026
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174489
Web address (URL)https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969724046370?via%3Dihub
Publication dates
Online08 Jul 2024
Publication process dates
Accepted02 Jul 2024
Deposited30 Jul 2024
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
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