Positional Health Assessment of Collaborative Robots based on Long Short-Term Memory Auto-Encoder (LSTMAE) Network

Conference paper

Hasan, M., Webb, L., Hossain, M., Tokhi, M. and Alkan, B. (2023). Positional Health Assessment of Collaborative Robots based on Long Short-Term Memory Auto-Encoder (LSTMAE) Network. 26th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines CLAWAR 2023. Florianópolis, Brazil 02 - 04 Oct 2023 CLAWAR Association.
AuthorsHasan, M., Webb, L., Hossain, M., Tokhi, M. and Alkan, B.
TypeConference paper
Abstract

Calibration is a vital part of ensuring the safety and smooth operation of any industrial robot and this is particularly essential for collaborative robots as any issue pertaining to safety can adversely impact the human operator. Towards this aim, Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) has been widely implemented in the context of collaborative robots to ensure safe and efficient working environments. In this research, as a subset of PHM research, a novel positional health assessment approach based on a Long Short-Term Memory auto-encoder network (LSTMAE) is proposed. An experimental test setup is utilised, wherein the collaborative robot is subject to variations of coordinate system positional error. The operational 3-axis position time-series data of the collaborative robot is collected with the aid of an industrial data acquisition platform utilising influxDB. The experiments show that, with the aid of this approach, manufacturers can assess the positional health of their collaborative robot systems.

KeywordsCollaborative Robotics; Prognostics and Health Management (PHM); Auto-encoder; LSTM; Machine Learning; Manufacturing Assembly.
Year2023
PublisherCLAWAR Association
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Open
Publication dates
Print04 Oct 2023
Publication process dates
Accepted09 Jun 2023
Deposited14 Jun 2023
Web address (URL) of conference proceedingshttps://clawar.org/clawar23/proceedings/
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Montes, H, Tokhi, MO, Virk, GS, Armada, M, Rodríguez, H, Fernández, R, González de Santos, P, Sánchez, V and Silva, M Tokhi, MO (ed.) (2018). Robotics Transforming the Future. UK CLAWAR Association.
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Tokhi, MO, Hashim, MR and Kasdirin, H (2018). Optimal Tuning of PD controllers using Modified Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering. 10 (2-8), pp. 67-70.
Intelligent modeling of double link flexible robotic manipulator using artificial neural network
Jamali, A, Mat Darus, IZ, Mohd Samin, PP and Tokhi, MO (2018). Intelligent modeling of double link flexible robotic manipulator using artificial neural network. Journal of Vibroengineering. 20 (2), pp. 1021-1034. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2017.18575
Effect of two adjacent muscles of flexor and extensor on finger pinch and hand grip force
Wan Daud, WMB, Abas, N and Tokhi, MO (2018). Effect of two adjacent muscles of flexor and extensor on finger pinch and hand grip force. 5th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies. Thessaloniki, Greece 10 - 13 Apr 2018 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/CoDIT.2018.8394775
Electromyography assessment of forearm muscles: Towards the control of exoskeleton hand
Abas, N, Bukhari, WM, Abas, MA and Tokhi, MO (2018). Electromyography assessment of forearm muscles: Towards the control of exoskeleton hand. 5th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies. Thessaloniki, Greece 10 - 13 Apr 2018 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/CoDIT.2018.8394906
Implementation of PID Based Controller Tuned by Evolutionary Algorithm for Double Link Flexible Robotic Manipulator
Annisa, J, Mat Darus, IZ, Tokhi, MO and Mohamaddan, S (2018). Implementation of PID Based Controller Tuned by Evolutionary Algorithm for Double Link Flexible Robotic Manipulator. 2018 International Conference on Computational Approach in Smart Systems Design and Applications, ICASSDA 2018. Kuching, Malaysia 15 - 17 Aug 2018 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSDA.2018.8477615
Indoor Localization of Mobile Robots with Wireless Sensor Network Based on Ultra Wideband using Experimental Measurements of Time Difference of Arrival
Oumar, O, Sattar, T and Tokhi, MO (2018). Indoor Localization of Mobile Robots with Wireless Sensor Network Based on Ultra Wideband using Experimental Measurements of Time Difference of Arrival. CLAWAR 2018. Panama City 10 - 12 Sep 2018
Visual control of a robotic arm
Carter, G, Tokhi, MO and Oumar, OA (2018). Visual control of a robotic arm. 21st International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. Panama City, Panama 10 - 12 Sep 2018
Efficient control of a nonlinear double-pendulum overhead crane with sensorless payload motion using an improved PSO-tuned PID controller
Jaafar, HI, Mohamed, Z, Mohd Subha, NA, Husain, AR, Ismail, FS, Ramli, L, Tokhi, MO and Shamsudin, MA (2018). Efficient control of a nonlinear double-pendulum overhead crane with sensorless payload motion using an improved PSO-tuned PID controller. Journal of Vibration and Control. 25 (4), pp. 907-921. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546318804319
Controlling the non-parametric modeling of double link flexible robotic manipulator using hybrid PID tuned by P-type ILA
Annisa, J, Mat Darus, I, Tokhi, MO and Abidin, ASZ (2018). Controlling the non-parametric modeling of double link flexible robotic manipulator using hybrid PID tuned by P-type ILA. International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 10 (7), pp. 219-232. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2018.10.07.020
Utilizing P-Type ILA in tuning Hybrid PID Controller for Double Link Flexible Robotic Manipulator
Jamali, A, Mat Darus, IZ, Tokhi, MO and Abidin, ASZ (2018). Utilizing P-Type ILA in tuning Hybrid PID Controller for Double Link Flexible Robotic Manipulator. 2nd International Conference on Smart Sensors and Application, ICSSA 2018. Kuching, Malaysia 24 - 26 Jul 2018 pp. 141-146 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSA.2018.8535973
Decentralized intelligent PID based controller tuned by evolutionary algorithm for double link flexible robotic manipulator with experimental validation
Annisa, J, Mat Darus, IZ, Hassan, MH and Tokhi, MO (2018). Decentralized intelligent PID based controller tuned by evolutionary algorithm for double link flexible robotic manipulator with experimental validation. Intelligent Control and Automation Symposium. Johor, Malaysia 27 Nov 2018
A novel approach in S-shaped input design for higher vibration reduction
Maghsoudi, MJ, Nacer, H, Tokhi, MO and Mohamed, Z (2018). A novel approach in S-shaped input design for higher vibration reduction. Applications of Modelling and Simulation. 2 (2), pp. 76-83.
Control design of a de-weighting upper limb exoskeleton
Ali, SK and Tokhi, MO (2018). Control design of a de-weighting upper limb exoskeleton. International Conference on Applied Engineering. Batam, Indonesia 03 - 04 Oct 2018
Convertibility Evaluation of Automated Assembly System Designs for High Variety Production
Chinnathai, M.K., Alkan, B. and Harrison, R. (2017). Convertibility Evaluation of Automated Assembly System Designs for High Variety Production. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.01.005
Assessing Complexity of Component-Based Control Architectures Used in Modular Automation Systems
Alkan, B., Vera, D., Chinnathai, M. K. and Harrison, R. (2017). Assessing Complexity of Component-Based Control Architectures Used in Modular Automation Systems . International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering . 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.17706/ijcee.2017.9.1.393-402
A method to assess assembly complexity of industrial products in early design phase
Alkan, B., Vera, D., Ahmad, B. and Harrison, R. (2017). A method to assess assembly complexity of industrial products in early design phase. IEEE Access. 6, pp. 989-999. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2777406
A modified bats echolocation-based algorithm for solving constrained optimisation problems
Mat Yahya, N and Tokhi, M O (2017). A modified bats echolocation-based algorithm for solving constrained optimisation problems. International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation. 1 (1), pp. 1-1. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbic.2016.10004313
Control of a gantry crane using input shaping schemes with distributed delay
Maghsoudi, MJ, Mohamed, Z, Tokhi, MO, Husain, AR and Abidin, MSZ (2017). Control of a gantry crane using input shaping schemes with distributed delay. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control. 39 (3), pp. 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142331215607615
Evolutionary algorithm based controller for double link flexible robotic manipulator
Annisa, J, Mat Darus, IZ and Tokhi, MO (2017). Evolutionary algorithm based controller for double link flexible robotic manipulator. Mechanical Engineering Research Day. Melaka, Malaysia 30 - 30 Mar 2017
PD-Fuzzy Control of Single Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Hemiplegia Mobility
K Alshatti, Abdullah and Tokhi, M. (2017). PD-Fuzzy Control of Single Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Hemiplegia Mobility. 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC). https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2017.71005
A modified bats echolocation-based algorithm for solving constrained optimisation problems
Yahya, NM and Tokhi, MO (2017). A modified bats echolocation-based algorithm for solving constrained optimisation problems. International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation. 10 (1), pp. 12-23. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIC.2017.085335
Modelling and control of standing up and sitting down manoeuver
Ishak, AJ, Tokhi, MO, Al-Quraishi, MS, Linares, DM and Ali, SK (2017). Modelling and control of standing up and sitting down manoeuver. Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology. 25, pp. 243-250.
Hybridizing invasive weed optimization with firefly algorithm for unconstrained and constrained optimization problems
Kasdirin, HA, Yahya, NM, Aras, MSM and Tokhi, MO (2017). Hybridizing invasive weed optimization with firefly algorithm for unconstrained and constrained optimization problems. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology. 95 (4), pp. 912-927.
Joint variable stiffness of musculoskeletal leg mechanism for quadruped robot
Lei, J, Zhu, J, Xie, P and Tokhi, MO (2017). Joint variable stiffness of musculoskeletal leg mechanism for quadruped robot. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 9 (4), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017690342
Hybrid spiral-dynamic bacteria-chemotaxis algorithm with application to control two-wheeled machines
Goher, KM, Almeshal, AM, Agouri, SA, Nasir, ANK, Tokhi, MO, Alenezi, MR, Al Zanki, T and Fadlallah, SO (2017). Hybrid spiral-dynamic bacteria-chemotaxis algorithm with application to control two-wheeled machines. Robotics and Biomimetics. 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40638-017-0059-1
Assessment strategy of human upper forearm inter-relation and muscle fatigue
Wan Daud, WMB and Tokhi, MO (2017). Assessment strategy of human upper forearm inter-relation and muscle fatigue. CLAWAR2017: 20th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. Porto, Portugal 11 - 13 Sep 2017 World Scientific Publishing.
Real-time embedded sliding mode observer for quadcopter UAVs
Firdaus, AR and Tokhi, MO (2017). Real-time embedded sliding mode observer for quadcopter UAVs. CLAWAR 2017: 20th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. Porto, Portugal 11 - 13 Sep 2017 World Scientific Publishing.
Upper-limb exoskeleton for human muscle fatigue
Ali, SK and Tokhi, MO (2017). Upper-limb exoskeleton for human muscle fatigue. CLAWAR 2017: 20th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. Porto, Portugal 11 - 13 Sep 2017 World Scientific Publishing.
A Framework for Automatically Realizing Assembly Sequence Changes in a Virtual Manufacturing Environment
Ahmad, M, Ahmad, B, Harrison, R, Alkan, B, Vera, D, Meredith, J and Bindel, A (2016). A Framework for Automatically Realizing Assembly Sequence Changes in a Virtual Manufacturing Environment. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.04.178
A Lightweight Approach for Human Factor Assessment in Virtual Assembly Designs: An Evaluation Model for Postural Risk and Metabolic Workload
Alkan, B, Vera, D, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, B and Harrison, R (2016). A Lightweight Approach for Human Factor Assessment in Virtual Assembly Designs: An Evaluation Model for Postural Risk and Metabolic Workload. Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.115
A Model for Complexity Assessment in Manual Assembly Operations Through Predetermined Motion Time Systems
Alkan, B, Vera, D, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, B and Harrison, R (2016). A Model for Complexity Assessment in Manual Assembly Operations Through Predetermined Motion Time Systems. Procedia CIRP. 44, pp. 429-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.111
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Pick and Place Assembly Systems: Heuristic Evaluation of Reconfigurability and Suitability
Ahmad, M., Ahmad, B., Alkan, B., Vera, D., Harrison, R., Meredith, J. and Bindel, A. (2016). Hydrogen Fuel Cell Pick and Place Assembly Systems: Heuristic Evaluation of Reconfigurability and Suitability. Procedia CIRP. 57, pp. 428-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.11.074
The Use of a Complexity Model to Facilitate in the Selection of a Fuel Cell Assembly Sequence
Ahmad, M., Alkan, B., Ahman, B., Vera, D., Harrison, R., Meredith, J. and Bindel, A. (2016). The Use of a Complexity Model to Facilitate in the Selection of a Fuel Cell Assembly Sequence. Procedia CIRP. 44, pp. 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.054
Design Evaluation of Automated Manufacturing Processes Based on Complexity of Control Logic
Alkan, B., Vera, D., Ahmad, M., Ahmad, B. and Harrison, R. (2016). Design Evaluation of Automated Manufacturing Processes Based on Complexity of Control Logic. Procedia CIRP. 50, pp. 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.031
A new bats echolocation-based algorithm for single objective optimisation
Yahya, NM, Tokhi, MO and Kasdirin, HA (2016). A new bats echolocation-based algorithm for single objective optimisation. Evolutionary Intelligence. 9 (1-2), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12065-016-0134-5
Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit Control Mechanisms of Two-Wheeled Wheelchair.
Abdul Ghani, NM and Tokhi, MO (2016). Sit-to-Stand and Stand-to-Sit Control Mechanisms of Two-Wheeled Wheelchair. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 138 (4). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4032800
Fuzzy PID control of lower limb exoskeleton for elderly mobility
Rezage, GA and Tokhi, MO (2016). Fuzzy PID control of lower limb exoskeleton for elderly mobility. 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR). Cluj-Napoca, Romania 19 - 21 May 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/AQTR.2016.7501310
Fuzzy sliding control with non-linear observer for magnetic levitation systems
Benomair, AM, Firdaus, AR and Tokhi, MO (2016). Fuzzy sliding control with non-linear observer for magnetic levitation systems. MED 2016 - 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. Athens, Greece 21 - 24 Jun 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 256-261 https://doi.org/10.1109/MED.2016.7536025
Invasive weed optimization algorithm optimized fuzzy logic scaling parameters in controlling a lower limb exoskeleton
Rezage, GA, Kasdirin, HA, Ali, SK and Tokhi, MO (2016). Invasive weed optimization algorithm optimized fuzzy logic scaling parameters in controlling a lower limb exoskeleton. 21st International Conference on methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR). Miedzyzdroje, Poland 29 Aug - 01 Sep 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 1116-1121 https://doi.org/10.1109/MMAR.2016.7575294
Tracking human upper-limb movements with sliding mode control type-II fuzzy logic
Ali, SK, Firdaus, AR, Tokhi, MO and Alrezage, G (2016). Tracking human upper-limb movements with sliding mode control type-II fuzzy logic. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR). Miedzyzdroje, Poland 29 Aug - 01 Sep 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 426-431 https://doi.org/10.1109/MMAR.2016.7575173
Advances in Cooperative Robotics
Tokhi, MO and Virk, GS (2016). Advances in Cooperative Robotics. 19th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. Queen Mary University, London 12 - 14 Sep 2016 World Scientific Publishing. pp. v
Chaotic spiral dynamics optimization algorithm
Hashim, MR and Tokhi, MO (2016). Chaotic spiral dynamics optimization algorithm. The 19th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and Support Technologies for Mobile Machines. Queen Mary University, London 12 - 14 Sep 2016 World Scientific Publishing. pp. 551-558
PD-fuzzy control of lower limb exoskeleton for elderly mobility
Alrezage, G, Alshatti, A and Tokhi, MO (2016). PD-fuzzy control of lower limb exoskeleton for elderly mobility. 19th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and Support Technologies for Mobile Machines (CLAWAR 2016). London 12 - 14 Sep 2016 World Scientific Publishing. pp. 823-831
Simulation and control of multipurpose wheelchair for disabled/elderly mobility
Abdul Ghani, NM and Tokhi, MO (2016). Simulation and control of multipurpose wheelchair for disabled/elderly mobility. Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering. 23 (4), pp. 331-347. https://doi.org/10.3233/ICA-160526
Novel metaheuristic hybrid spiral-dynamic bacteria-chemotaxis algorithms for global optimisation
Nasir, ANK and Tokhi, MO (2015). Novel metaheuristic hybrid spiral-dynamic bacteria-chemotaxis algorithms for global optimisation. Applied Soft Computing . 27, pp. 357-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2014.11.030
A novel hybrid bacteria-chemotaxis spiral-dynamic algorithm with application to modelling of flexible systems
Nasir, ANK and Tokhi, MO (2014). A novel hybrid bacteria-chemotaxis spiral-dynamic algorithm with application to modelling of flexible systems. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 33, pp. 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2014.04.001
Modelling and control of a water-based system of multiple mobile robots for unmanned rescue
Sarker, MMH and Tokhi, MO (2012). Modelling and control of a water-based system of multiple mobile robots for unmanned rescue. The West Indian Journal of Engineering. 34 (1/2), pp. 30-38.
Control of a stair climbing wheelchair
Abdul Ghani, NM, Tokhi, MO, Nasir, ANK and Ahmad, S (2012). Control of a stair climbing wheelchair. IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA). 1 (4). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v1i4.795
Optimized fuzzy control for natural trajectory based FES-swinging motion
Ibrahim, BSKK, Tokhi, MO, Huq, MS and Gharooni, SC (2011). Optimized fuzzy control for natural trajectory based FES-swinging motion. International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 3 (2), pp. 17-23.
Improving particle swarm optimization convergence with spread and momentum factors
Abd Latiff, I and Tokhi, MO (2011). Improving particle swarm optimization convergence with spread and momentum factors. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering Systems. 5 (3), pp. 209-217.
ANFIS and neural network techniques for non-parametric modelling of a twin rotor system
Toha, SF and Tokhi, MO (2010). ANFIS and neural network techniques for non-parametric modelling of a twin rotor system. Systems Science. 36 (4), pp. 13-31.
A novel approach in development of dynamic muscle model for paraplegic with functional electrical stimulation
Jailani, R, Tokhi, MO, Gharooni, S and Hussain, Z (2009). A novel approach in development of dynamic muscle model for paraplegic with functional electrical stimulation. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. 4 (4), pp. 272-276.
Multi-objective genetic algorithm optimisation approach for the geometrical design of an active noise control system
Jafferi, N and Tokhi, MO (2009). Multi-objective genetic algorithm optimisation approach for the geometrical design of an active noise control system. International Journal of Integrated Engineering. 1 (1), pp. 73-86.
Identification of active properties of knee joint using GA optimization
Ibrahim, BSKK, Huq, MS, Tokhi, MO, Gharooni, SC, Jailani, R and Hussain, Z (2009). Identification of active properties of knee joint using GA optimization. 4th International Conference on Mechatronics (ICOM). 17 - 19 May 2011
Particle swarm optimisation algorithms and their application to controller design for flexible structure systems
Tokhi, MO and Alam, MS (2009). Particle swarm optimisation algorithms and their application to controller design for flexible structure systems. IST Transactions of Control Engineering-Theory and Applications. 1 (3(9)), pp. 12-25.
System identification of a twin rotor multi-input multi-output system using adaptive filters with pseudo random binary input
Alam, MS and Tokhi, MO (2008). System identification of a twin rotor multi-input multi-output system using adaptive filters with pseudo random binary input. The Dhaka University Journal of Science. 57 (2), pp. 131-136.
Dynamic modelling of a twin rotor system: a genetic algorithm optimisation approach
Alam, MS and Tokhi, MO (2008). Dynamic modelling of a twin rotor system: a genetic algorithm optimisation approach. The Dhaka University Journal of Science. 56 (2), pp. 183-187.
Augmented feedforward and feedback control scheme for input tracking and vibration control
Alam, MS, Aldebrez, FM and Tokhi, MO (2008). Augmented feedforward and feedback control scheme for input tracking and vibration control. The Dhaka University Journal of Science. 57 (1), pp. 67-70.
Genetic algorithm-based modeling and optimization of control parameters of an air motor
Marumo, RR and Tokhi, MO (2008). Genetic algorithm-based modeling and optimization of control parameters of an air motor. Journal of Intelligent Systems. 17 (Supplement), pp. 87-108. https://doi.org/10.1515/JISYS.2008.17.S1.87
Genetic algorithm optimization and control system design of flexible structures
Tokhi, MO, Md Zain, MZ, Alam, MS, Aldebrez, FM, Mohd Hashim, SZ and Mat Darus, IZ (2008). Genetic algorithm optimization and control system design of flexible structures. Journal of Intelligent Systems. 17 (Supplement), pp. 133-168. https://doi.org/10.1515/JISYS.2008.17.S1.133
Mobile robotics moves forward on standardisation
Tokhi, MO (2007). Mobile robotics moves forward on standardisation. Industrial Robot: An International Journal. 34 (2). https://doi.org/10.1108/ir.2007.04934baa.002
Modelling and simulation of an air motor system using extended radial basis algorithm
Marumo, R and Tokhi, MO (2007). Modelling and simulation of an air motor system using extended radial basis algorithm. Botswana Journal of Technology. 16 (1), pp. 16-25.
GA-based neural fuzzy control of flexible-link manipulators
Siddique, MNH and Tokhi, MO (2006). GA-based neural fuzzy control of flexible-link manipulators. Engineering Letters. 13 (2), pp. 148-157.
Performance Of Hybrid Learning Control With Input Shaping For Input Tracking And Vibration Suppression Of A Flexible Manipulator
Md. Zain, MZ, Tokhi, MO and Mohamed, Z (2006). Performance Of Hybrid Learning Control With Input Shaping For Input Tracking And Vibration Suppression Of A Flexible Manipulator. Jurnal Teknologi. 44 (1). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v44.353
Modelling, simulation and proportional integral control of a pneumatic motor
Marumo, R and Tokhi, MO (2006). Modelling, simulation and proportional integral control of a pneumatic motor. Engineering Letters. 13 (2), pp. 185-194.
Real-time design constraints in implementing active vibration control algorithms
Hossain, MA and Tokhi, MO (2006). Real-time design constraints in implementing active vibration control algorithms. International Journal of Automation and Computing. 3 (3), pp. 252-262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-006-0252-0
Intelligent methods for active noise and vibration control
Tokhi, M O (2004). Intelligent methods for active noise and vibration control. Archives of Acoustics. 29 (2), pp. 259-273.
Genetic modelling and simulation of flexible structures
Mohd Hashim, SZ and Tokhi, MO (2004). Genetic modelling and simulation of flexible structures. Studies in Informatics and Control. 13 (4), pp. 253-264.
Improving performance in single-link flexible manipulator using hybrid learning control
Md Zain, MZ, Tokhi, MO, Mailah, M and Mohamed, Z (2004). Improving performance in single-link flexible manipulator using hybrid learning control. Jurnal Mekanikal. 18, pp. 13-28.
Dynamic modelling and open-loop control of a two-degree-of-freedom twin-rotor multi-input multi-output system
Ahmad, SM, Chipperfield, AJ and Tokhi, MO (2004). Dynamic modelling and open-loop control of a two-degree-of-freedom twin-rotor multi-input multi-output system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering. 218 (6), pp. 451-463. https://doi.org/10.1243/0959651052010089
Adaptive active control of noise and vibration
Tokhi, MO (2003). Adaptive active control of noise and vibration. Archives of Control Sciences. 13 (2), pp. 117-139.
Genetic algorithms based adaptive active vibration control of a flexible plate structure
Mat Darus, IZ and Tokhi, MO (2003). Genetic algorithms based adaptive active vibration control of a flexible plate structure. Systems Science. 29 (3), pp. 65-79.
Vibration control of pitch movement using command shaping techniques– Experimental investigation
Aldebrez, FM and Tokhi, MO (2003). Vibration control of pitch movement using command shaping techniques– Experimental investigation. Systems Science. 29 (2), pp. 129-143. https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2003.1247741
Dynamic modelling and linear quadratic Gaussian control of a twin-rotor multi-input multi-output system
Ahmad, SM, Chipperfield, AJ and Tokhi, MO (2003). Dynamic modelling and linear quadratic Gaussian control of a twin-rotor multi-input multi-output system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering. 217 (3), pp. 203-227. https://doi.org/10.1243/095965103765832885
Active noise and vibration control–Part I
Tokhi, M O and Figwer, J (2003). Active noise and vibration control–Part I. Archives of Control Sciences. 13 (2).
Active noise and vibration control–Part II
Figwer, J and Tokhi, MO (2003). Active noise and vibration control–Part II. Archives of Control Sciences. 13 (3).
Dynamic modelling and linear quadratic Gaussian control of a twin-rotor multi-input multi-output system
Ahmad, SM, Chipperfield, AJ and Tokhi, MO (2003). Dynamic modelling and linear quadratic Gaussian control of a twin-rotor multi-input multi-output system. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering. 217 (3), pp. 203-227. https://doi.org/10.1243/095965103765832885
Dynamic modelling of a single-link flexible manipulator: Parametric and non-parametric approaches
Shaheed, MH and Tokhi, MO (2002). Dynamic modelling of a single-link flexible manipulator: Parametric and non-parametric approaches. Robotica. 20 (1), pp. 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574701003678