Uneven running: How does trunk-leaning affect the lower-limb joint mechanics and energetics?
Journal article
AminiAghdam, S., Karamanidis, K. and Rode, C. (2021). Uneven running: How does trunk-leaning affect the lower-limb joint mechanics and energetics? European Journal of Sport Science. 22 (8), pp. 1188-1195. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1938691
Authors | AminiAghdam, S., Karamanidis, K. and Rode, C. |
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Abstract | This study aimed to investigate the role of trunk posture in running locomotion. Twelve recreational runners ran in the laboratory across even and uneven ground surface (expected 10 cm drop-step) with three trunk-lean angles from the vertical (self-selected, ∼15°; anterior, ∼25°; posterior, ∼0°) while 3D kinematic and kinetic data were collected using a 3D motion-capture-system and two embedded force-plates. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (α = 0.05) compared lower-limb joint mechanics (angles, moments, energy absorption and generation) and ground-reaction-force parameters (braking and propulsive impulse) between Step (level and drop) and Posture conditions. The Step-by-Posture interaction revealed decreased hip energy generation, and greater peak knee extension moment in the drop-step during running with posterior versus anterior trunk-lean. Furthermore, energy absorption across hip and ankle nearly doubled in the drop-step across all running conditions. The Step main effect revealed that the knee and ankle energy absorption, ankle energy generation, ground-reaction-force, and braking impulse significantly increased in the drop-step. The Posture main effect revealed that, compared with a self-selected trunk-lean, the knee's energy absorption/generation, ankle's energy generation and the braking impulse were either retained or attenuated when leaning the trunk anteriorly. The opposite effects occurred with a posterior trunk-lean. In conclusion, while the pronounced mechanical ankle stress in drop-steps is marginally affected by posture, changing the trunk-lean reorganizes the load distribution across the knee and hip joints. Leaning the trunk anteriorly in running shifts loading from the knee to the hip not only in level running but also when coping with ground-level changes.Highlights Changing the trunk-lean when running reorganizes the load distribution across the knee and hip joints.Leaning the trunk anteriorly from a habitual trunk posture during running attenuates the mechanical stress on the knee, while the opposite effect occurs with a posterior trunk-lean, irrespective to the ground surface uniformity.The effect of posture on pronounced mechanical ankle stress in small perturbation height during running is marginal.Leaning the trunk anteriorly shifts loading from the knee to the hip not only in level running but also when coping with small perturbation height. |
Keywords | Orthopedics and Sports Medicine; Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation; General Medicine |
Year | 2021 |
Journal | European Journal of Sport Science |
Journal citation | 22 (8), pp. 1188-1195 |
Publisher | Informa UK Limited |
ISSN | 1746-1391 |
1536-7290 | |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1938691 |
Publication dates | |
Online | 17 Jun 2021 |
03 Aug 2022 | |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 17 May 2021 |
Deposited | 17 Aug 2021 |
Publisher's version | File Access Level Open |
Accepted author manuscript | File Access Level Controlled |
License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/item/8x0vq
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