A Microwave Imaging Procedure for Lung Lesion Detection: Preliminary Results on Multilayer Phantoms

Journal article

Khalid, B., Khalesi, B., Ghavami, M., Ghavami, N. and Tiberi, G. (2022). A Microwave Imaging Procedure for Lung Lesion Detection: Preliminary Results on Multilayer Phantoms. Electronics (Switzerland). 11 (13), p. 2105. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132105
AuthorsKhalid, B., Khalesi, B., Ghavami, M., Ghavami, N. and Tiberi, G.
Abstract

In this work, a feasibility study for lung lesion detection through microwave imaging based on Huygens’ principle (HP) has been performed using multilayer oval shaped phantoms mimicking human torso having a cylindrically shaped inclusion simulating lung lesion. First, validation of the proposed imaging method has been performed through phantom experiments using a dedicated realistic human torso model inside an anechoic chamber, employing a frequency range of 1–5 GHz. Subsequently, the miniaturized torso phantom validation (using both single and double inclusion scenarios) has been accomplished using a microwave imaging (MWI) device, which operates in free space using two antennas in multi-bistatic configuration. The identification of the target’s presence in the lung layer has been achieved on the obtained images after applying both of the following artifact removal procedures: (i) the “rotation subtraction” method using two adjacent transmitting antenna positions, and (ii) the “ideal” artifact removal procedure utilizing the difference between received signals from unhealthy and healthy scenarios. In addition, a quantitative analysis of the obtained images was executed based on the definition of signal to clutter ratio (SCR). The obtained results verify that HP can be utilized successfully to discover the presence and location of the inclusion in the lung-mimicking phantom, achieving an SCR of 9.88 dB.

Keywordsmicrowave imaging; lung lesion; lung imaging; Huygens’ principle
Year2022
JournalElectronics (Switzerland)
Journal citation11 (13), p. 2105
PublisherMDPI
ISSN2079-9292
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132105
Web address (URL)https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/11/13/2105/htm
Publication dates
Print05 Jul 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted01 Jul 2022
Deposited20 Sep 2022
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A Phantom Investigation to Quantify Huygens Principle Based Microwave Imaging for Bone Lesion Detection
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A novel motion-model-free UWB short-range positioning method
Ayoobi, N., Ghavami, M. and Rabiei, A.M. (2019). A novel motion-model-free UWB short-range positioning method. Signal, Image and Video Processing. pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-019-01613-2
New Reconstructed Database for Cost Reduction in Indoor Fingerprinting Localization
Moghtadaiee, V., Ghorashi, S.A. and Ghavami, M. (2019). New Reconstructed Database for Cost Reduction in Indoor Fingerprinting Localization. IEEE Access. 7, pp. 104462-104477. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2932024
Signature Inspired Home Environments Monitoring System Using IR-UWB Technology
Rana, S., Dey, M., Ghavami, M. and Dudley-Mcevoy, S. (2019). Signature Inspired Home Environments Monitoring System Using IR-UWB Technology. Sensors. 19 (2), p. 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020385
UWB orthogonal pulse design using Sturm–Liouville boundary value problem
Amini, A., Mohajerin Esfahani, P., Ghavami, M. and Marvasti, F. (2019). UWB orthogonal pulse design using Sturm–Liouville boundary value problem. Signal Processing. 159 (2019), pp. 147-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2019.02.008
A new design for cubic spatially processed wideband arrays
Ghavami, M. (2019). A new design for cubic spatially processed wideband arrays. Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-019-00635-w
UWB Device for Microwave Imaging: Validation through Phantoms
Ghavami, M, Vispa, A, Sani, L, Paoli, M, Bigotti, A, Raspa, G, Ghavami, N and Tiberi, G (2019). UWB Device for Microwave Imaging: Validation through Phantoms. 13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Krakow, Poland 31 Mar - 05 Apr 2019
Novel microwave apparatus for breast lesions detection: Preliminary clinical results
Sani, L., Ghavami, N., Vispa, A., Paoli, M., Raspa, G., Ghavami, M., Sacchetti, F., Vannini, E., Ercolani, S., Saracini, A., Duranti, M. and Tiberi, G. (2019). Novel microwave apparatus for breast lesions detection: Preliminary clinical results. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control. 52, pp. 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2019.04.025
Evaluation of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves in a Microwave Apparatus for Breast Lesions Detection
Tiberi, G, Sani, L, Vispa, A, Paoli, M, Bigotti, A, Saracini, A, Ghavami, N, Ghavami, M, Raspa, G and Duranti, M (2019). Evaluation of Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves in a Microwave Apparatus for Breast Lesions Detection. PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium. Rome, Italy 17 - 20 Jun 2019
Phase-weighted UWB Imaging through Huygens Principle
Tiberi, G, Khalesi, B, Sohani, B, Ghavami, N, Dudley, S and Ghavami, M (2019). Phase-weighted UWB Imaging through Huygens Principle. PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium. Rome, Italy 17 - 20 Jun 2019
Microwave imaging for stroke detection: validation on head-mimicking phantom
Sohani, B, Tiberi, G, Ghavami, N, Ghavami, M, Dudley, S and Rahimi, A (2019). Microwave imaging for stroke detection: validation on head-mimicking phantom. PIERS (hotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium). Rome, Italy 17 - 20 Jun 2019
Non-Contact Human Gait Identification through IR-UWB Edge Based Monitoring Sensor
Rana, S., Dey, M, Ghavami, M and Dudley-McEvoy, S (2019). Non-Contact Human Gait Identification through IR-UWB Edge Based Monitoring Sensor. IEEE Sensors Journal. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.2926238
Out-of-Band Power Suppression for Cyclic SLM with Delayed Correlation and Matched Filter
Pamungkasari, P, Juwono, F, Hayati, N and Ghavami, M (2019). Out-of-Band Power Suppression for Cyclic SLM with Delayed Correlation and Matched Filter. International Conference on Smart Computing & Communications. Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia 28 - 30 Jun 2019
Machine Learning Approaches for Automated Lesion Detection in Microwave Breast Imaging Clinical Data
Rana, S., Dey, M., Tiberi, G., Sani, L., Vispa, A., Raspa, G., Duranti, M., Ghavami, M. and Dudley-Mcevoy, S. (2019). Machine Learning Approaches for Automated Lesion Detection in Microwave Breast Imaging Clinical Data. Scientific Reports. 9, p. 10510. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46974-3
ITERATOR: A 3D Gait Identification from IR-UWB Technology
Rana, S., Dey, M, Ghavami, M and Dudley, S (2019). ITERATOR: A 3D Gait Identification from IR-UWB Technology. International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC) (EMBC 2019). Berlin, Germany 23 - 27 Jul 2019
UWB device for breast microwave imaging: phantom and clinical validations
Vispa, A., Sani, L., Paoli, M., Bigotti, A., Raspa, G., Ghavami, N., Caschera, S., Ghavami, M., Duranti, M. and Tiberi, G. (2019). UWB device for breast microwave imaging: phantom and clinical validations. Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation. 146, pp. 582-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.05.109
Radiofrequency planar surface coil for magnetic resonance: When the use of a circular wire gives a noticeable advantage with respect to a flat strip conductor?
Giovannetti, G., Tiberi, G., Tosetti, M., Monorchio, A. and Fontana, N. (2018). Radiofrequency planar surface coil for magnetic resonance: When the use of a circular wire gives a noticeable advantage with respect to a flat strip conductor? Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.07.060
On the Optimization of Distributed Magnetic Traps in MRI Coils Decoupling
Brizi, D., Fontana, N., Costa, F., Tiberi, G. and Monorchio, A. (2018). On the Optimization of Distributed Magnetic Traps in MRI Coils Decoupling. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2018.8608439
A Novel Design of UHF RFID Passive Tag Antenna Targeting Smart Cards Limited Area
Riaz, M, Rymar, G, Ghavami, M and Dudley, S (2018). A Novel Design of UHF RFID Passive Tag Antenna Targeting Smart Cards Limited Area. 36th IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). Las Vegas, USA 12 - 14 Jan 2018 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE.2018.8326224
Skin Cancer Detection through Microwaves: Validation on Phantom Measurements
Ghavami, M, Ghavami, N, Khalesi, B, Tiberi, G and Dudley, S (2018). Skin Cancer Detection through Microwaves: Validation on Phantom Measurements. IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST 2018). Krakow, Poland 16 - 18 Oct 2018 https://doi.org/10.1109/IST.2018.8577109
Simulation study on the impact of the transmission power on the performance of routing protocols under different mobility models
Macintosh, A, FeiSiyau, M and Ghavami, M (2014). Simulation study on the impact of the transmission power on the performance of routing protocols under different mobility models. Fourth edition of the International Conference on the Innovative Computing Technology. London 13 - 15 Aug 2014 London South Bank University. pp. 185 - 190 https://doi.org/10.1109/INTECH.2014.6927758
Experimental vital signs estimation using commercially available IR-UWB radar
Adjrad, M, Dudley, S and Ghavami, M (2014). Experimental vital signs estimation using commercially available IR-UWB radar. Radar Conference. Lille 13 - 17 Oct 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2014.7060328
On the filtering of photoplethysmography signals
Awodeyi, AE, Alty, SR and Ghavami, M (2014). On the filtering of photoplethysmography signals. 2014 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering. Florida, USA. 10 - 12 Nov 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 175 - 178 https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBE.2014.76
Median based method for baseline wander removal in photoplethysmogram signals
Awodeyi, AE, Alty, SR and Ghavami, M (2014). Median based method for baseline wander removal in photoplethysmogram signals. Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE), 2014 IEEE International Conference on. Florida, USA. 10 - 12 Nov 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 311 - 314 https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBE.2014.77
Human Behaviour Model Combining Multiple Sensors
Liao, Z, Buchanan, K, Ghavami, N, Vastardis, N, Adjrad, M, Koch, C, Ghavami, M, Anderson, B, Yang, K, Russo, R and Dudley, S (2015). Human Behaviour Model Combining Multiple Sensors. Conference of the eceee 2015 Summer Study on energy efficiency. Presqu’île de Giens Toulon/Hyères, France 01 - 06 Jun 2015 London South Bank University.
A new approach for event detection using k-means clustering and neural networks.
Oladimeji, MO, Turkey, M, Ghavami, M and Dudley, S (2015). A new approach for event detection using k-means clustering and neural networks. 2015 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). Killarney Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 1 - 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2015.7280752
Occupational exposure in MR facilities due to movements in the static magnetic field
Andreuccetti, D., Biagi, L., Burriesci, G., Cannatà, V., Contessa, G.M., Falsaperla, R., Genovese, E., Lodato, R., Lopresto, V., Merla, C., Napolitano, A., Pinto, R., Tiberi, G., Tosetti, M. and Zoppetti, N. (2017). Occupational exposure in MR facilities due to movements in the static magnetic field. Medical Physics. 44 (11), pp. 5988-5996. https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12537
Estimation of losses in strip and circular wire conductors of radiofrequency planar surface coil by using the finite element method
Giovannetti, G., Fontana, N., Monorchio, A., Tosetti, M. and Tiberi, G. (2017). Estimation of losses in strip and circular wire conductors of radiofrequency planar surface coil by using the finite element method. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmr.b.21358
Experimental setup to compare measurements and numerical simulations in magnetic resonance imaging RF dosimetry
Zanovello, U., Borsero, M., Giordano, D., Zilberti, L., Maggiorelli, F. and Tiberi, G. (2017). Experimental setup to compare measurements and numerical simulations in magnetic resonance imaging RF dosimetry. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 66 (6), pp. 1208 - 1216. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2017.2687138
Radiofrequency magnetic resonance coils and communication antennas: Simulation and design strategies
Giovannetti, G. and Tiberi, G. (2017). Radiofrequency magnetic resonance coils and communication antennas: Simulation and design strategies. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 44, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2017.07.021
A Degenerate Birdcage with Integrated Tx/Rx Switches and Butler Matrix for the Human Limbs at 7 T
Stara, R., Tiberi, G., Morsani, F., Symms, M., Fantacci, M.E., Marletta, M., Zampa, V., Pendse, M., Retico, A., Rutt, B.K. and Tosetti, M. (2017). A Degenerate Birdcage with Integrated Tx/Rx Switches and Butler Matrix for the Human Limbs at 7 T. Applied Magnetic Resonance. 48, pp. 307-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-017-0864-2
Evaluation of temperature increase during Magnetic Resonance examinations by combining electromagnetic/thermal simulations and B1 maps
Fontana, N., Symms, M.R., Tiberi, G., Tosetti, M., Costagli, M. and Monorchio, A. (2017). Evaluation of temperature increase during Magnetic Resonance examinations by combining electromagnetic/thermal simulations and B1 maps. 2017 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium. Italy 26 Mar - 30 Apr 2022 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.23919/ropaces.2017.7916417
Distributed trap FSS filter for dual tuned RF MRI coil decoupling at 7.0T
Fontana, N., Costa, F., Tiberi, G., Nigro, L. and Monorchio, A. (2017). Distributed trap FSS filter for dual tuned RF MRI coil decoupling at 7.0T. 2017 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). 11 - 15 Sep 2017 https://doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2017.8065492
Occupancy based household energy disaggregation using ultra wideband radar and electrical signature profiles
Brown, R., Ghavami, N., Siddiqui, H., Adjrad, M., Ghavami, M. and Dudley-Mcevoy, S. (2017). Occupancy based household energy disaggregation using ultra wideband radar and electrical signature profiles. Energy and Buildings. 141, pp. 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.02.004
Equity Risk Premiums and Risk Free Rates in Modelling and Prediction of Financial Markets
Ghavami, M and Shams Dilmaghani, R (2017). Equity Risk Premiums and Risk Free Rates in Modelling and Prediction of Financial Markets. International Conference on Mathematical Finance, Statistics and Economics. Vienna, Austria 21 - 22 Jun 2017
A Spatially Processed 3D Wideband Adaptive Conical Array System
Ghavami, M (2017). A Spatially Processed 3D Wideband Adaptive Conical Array System. IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband ICUWB’2017. Salamanca, Spain 12 - 15 Sep 2017 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
UWB Localization Employing Supervised Learning Method
Rana, S., Dey, M., Siddiqui, H., Tiberi, G., Ghavami, M. and Dudley, S (2017). UWB Localization Employing Supervised Learning Method. IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Wireless Broadband 2017. Salamanca, Spain 12 - 15 Sep 2017 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2017.8250971
UWB power propagation for bio-medical implanted devices
Ghafari, M, Brennan, P and Ghavami, M (2015). UWB power propagation for bio-medical implanted devices. 17th International Conference on E-health Networking, Application & Services (HealthCom). Boston, MA, USA 14 - 17 Oct 2015 London South Bank University. pp. 483 - 487 https://doi.org/10.1109/HealthCom.2015.7454551
SAR prediction in adults and children by combining measured B1+ maps and simulations at 7.0 Tesla
Tiberi, G., Costagli, M., Biagi, L., Ciantis, A.D., Fontana, N., Stara, R., Symms, M.R., Cosottini, M., Guerrini, R. and Tosetti, M. (2016). SAR prediction in adults and children by combining measured B1+ maps and simulations at 7.0 Tesla. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 44 (4), pp. 1048-1055. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25241
Finite element method-based approach for radiofrequency magnetic resonance coil losses estimation
Giovannetti, G., Tiberi, G. and Tosetti, M. (2016). Finite element method-based approach for radiofrequency magnetic resonance coil losses estimation. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering. 46B (4), pp. 186-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmr.b.21348
Skin Effect Estimation in Radiofrequency Coils for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applications
Giovannetti, G. and Tiberi, G. (2016). Skin Effect Estimation in Radiofrequency Coils for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Applications. Applied Magnetic Resonance. 47, pp. 601-612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-016-0780-x
Huygens Principle based UWB Microwave Imaging Method for Skin Cancer Detection
Ghavami, N, Tiberi, G, Ghavami, M, Dudley, S and Lane, ME (2016). Huygens Principle based UWB Microwave Imaging Method for Skin Cancer Detection. 10th IEEE/IET International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing. Prague, Czech Republic 20 - 22 Jul 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Improving time–frequency domain sleep EEG classification via singular spectrum analysis
Mahvash Mohammadi, S., Kouchaki, S., Ghavami, M. and Sanei, S. (2016). Improving time–frequency domain sleep EEG classification via singular spectrum analysis. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 273, pp. 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.08.008
Quadrature birdcage coil with distributed capacitors for 7.0 T magnetic resonance data acquisition of small animals
Stara, R., Tiberi, G., Gabrieli, M., Buonincontri, G., Fontana, N., Monorchio, A., Costagli, M., Symms, M.R., Retico, A. and Tosetti, M. (2015). Quadrature birdcage coil with distributed capacitors for 7.0 T magnetic resonance data acquisition of small animals. Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1002/cmr.b.21271
Evaluation of 3D radio-frequency electromagnetic fields for any matching and coupling conditions by the use of basis functions
Tiberi, G., Fontana, N., Monorchio, A., Stara, R., Retico, A. and Tosetti, M. (2015). Evaluation of 3D radio-frequency electromagnetic fields for any matching and coupling conditions by the use of basis functions. Journal of Magnetic Resonance. 261, pp. 38-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2015.09.015
Non-iterative beamforming based on Huygens principle for multistatic ultrawide band radar: Application to breast imaging
Ghavami, N., Smith, P.P., Tiberi, G., Edwards, D. and Craddock, I. (2015). Non-iterative beamforming based on Huygens principle for multistatic ultrawide band radar: Application to breast imaging. IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation. 9 (12), pp. 1233-1240. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2014.0621
Non-invasive assessment of Neuromuscular Disorders by 7 tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy: Dedicated radio-frequency coil development
Retico, A., Stara, R., Fantacci, M.E., Toncelli, A., Galante, A., Florio, T.M., Alecci, M., Cosottini, M., Astrea, G., Battini, R., Tiberi, G., Costagli, M. and Tosetti, M. (2015). Non-invasive assessment of Neuromuscular Disorders by 7 tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy: Dedicated radio-frequency coil development. 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications, MeMeA 2015. Torino, Italy 07 - 09 May 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/memea.2015.7145174
Assessment of Silent T1-weighted head imaging at 7 T
Costagli, M., Symms, M.R., Angeli, L., Kelley, D.A.C., Biagi, L., Farnetani, A., Rua, C., Donatelli, G., Tiberi, G., Tosetti, M. and Cosottini, M. (2015). Assessment of Silent T1-weighted head imaging at 7 T. European Radiology. 26, pp. 1879-1888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3954-2
Design of Interference-Resilient Medium Access for High Throughput WLANs
Reggiani, L., Gola, A., Maggio, G.M. and Tiberi, G. (2015). Design of Interference-Resilient Medium Access for High Throughput WLANs. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/659569
A semantic-enhanced trajectory visual analytics for digital forensic
Liao, Z.-F., Li, Y., Peng, Y., Zhao, Y., Zhou, F.-F., Liao, Z.-N., Dudley, S. and Ghavami, M. (2015). A semantic-enhanced trajectory visual analytics for digital forensic. Journal of Visualization. 18 (2), pp. 173 - 184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-015-0276-z
Classification of awake, REM, and NREM from EEG via singular spectrum analysis
Mohammadi, SM, Enshaeifar, S, Ghavami, M and Sanei, S (2015). Classification of awake, REM, and NREM from EEG via singular spectrum analysis. International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Milan, Italy 25 - 29 Aug 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319460
Local SAR in adults and children at 7T MR: Realistic estimation by the using of simulations
Fontana, N., Tiberi, G., Stara, R., Monorchio, A., Retico, A. and Tosetti, M. (2014). Local SAR in adults and children at 7T MR: Realistic estimation by the using of simulations. 2014 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). 03 - 08 Aug 2014 https://doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2014.6903858
Tissue Border Enhancement by inversion recovery MRI at 7.0 Tesla.
Costagli M, Kelley DA, Symms MR, Biagi L, Stara R, Maggioni E, Tiberi G, Barba C, Guerrini R, Cosottini M and Tosetti M (2014). Tissue Border Enhancement by inversion recovery MRI at 7.0 Tesla. Neuroradiology. 56, pp. 517-523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-014-1365-8
Short-term side-effects of brain MR examination at 7 T: a single-centre experience.
Cosottini M, Frosini D, Biagi L, Pesaresi I, Costagli M, Tiberi G, Symms M and Tosetti M (2014). Short-term side-effects of brain MR examination at 7 T: a single-centre experience. European Radiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-014-3177-y
STEAM-MiTiS: An MR spectroscopy method for the detection of scalar-coupled metabolites and its application to glutamate at 7 T
Toncelli, A., Noeske, R., Cosottini, M., Costagli, M., Domenici, V., Tiberi, G. and Tosetti, M. (2014). STEAM-MiTiS: An MR spectroscopy method for the detection of scalar-coupled metabolites and its application to glutamate at 7 T. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 74 (6), pp. 1515-1522. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.25556
Huygens principle based imaging of multilayered objects with inclusions
Ghavami, N., Tiberi, G., Edwards, D.J., Safaai-Jazi, A. and Monorchio, A. (2014). Huygens principle based imaging of multilayered objects with inclusions. Progress In Electromagnetics Research B. 58, pp. 139-149. https://doi.org/10.2528/pierb13121002
Automatic trust calculation for service-oriented systems
Ye, B., Nekovee, M., Pervez, A. and Ghavami, M. (2014). Automatic trust calculation for service-oriented systems. IET Software. 8 (3), pp. 134 - 142. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-sen.2013.0056
Ultra-wideband-based multilateration technique for indoor localisation
Onalaja, O., Adjrad, M. and Ghavami, M. (2014). Ultra-wideband-based multilateration technique for indoor localisation. IET COMMUNICATIONS. 8 (10), pp. 1800 - 1809. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2013.0815
Study of human being detection in an indoor environment using ultra wideband radar
Hassan Khausru, MA and Ghavami, M (2014). Study of human being detection in an indoor environment using ultra wideband radar. IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband 2014. Paris, France Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 113 - 118 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2014.6958961
Signal Detection Performance of Overlapped FFT Scheme with Additional Frames Consisting of Non-continuous Samples in Indoor Environment
Uchida, S., Sato, A., Inamori, M., Sanada, Y. and Ghavami, M. (2014). Signal Detection Performance of Overlapped FFT Scheme with Additional Frames Consisting of Non-continuous Samples in Indoor Environment. Wireless Personal Communications. 79 (2), pp. 987 - 1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1899-4
A user-centric system architecture for residential energy consumption reduction
Vastardis, N, Adjrad, M, Buchanan, K, Liao, Z, Koch, C, Russo, R, Yang, K, Ghavami, M, Anderson, B and Dudley, S (2014). A user-centric system architecture for residential energy consumption reduction. IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications. Online 12 - 14 Nov 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 1-7 https://doi.org/10.1109/OnlineGreenCom.2014.7114423