Psychometric Properties of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire in Moderate-to-Severe, Persistent Depression

Journal article

Sweeney, T, Morriss, R, Nixon, E, Guo, B. and Callaghan, P. (2021). Psychometric Properties of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire in Moderate-to-Severe, Persistent Depression. Mindfulness. 12, pp. 1009-1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01573-6
AuthorsSweeney, T, Morriss, R, Nixon, E, Guo, B. and Callaghan, P.
Abstract

Objectives Mindfulness has been increasingly incorporated into modern psychotherapies and healthcare services. The importance of psychometrically quantifying the construct of mindfulness has become paramount. One of the most reliable and valid
instruments for the assessment of different aspects of dispositional mindfulness is the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire
(FFMQ). However, the psychometric properties of the FFMQ are yet to be tested in individuals with high levels of persistent
depression. This study therefore investigated the psychometric properties of the FFMQ in a clinical sample with moderate-tosevere, persistent depression.
Methods The data of 187 participants recruited from a funded randomised controlled trial were utilised. Internal consistency was
assessed and construct validity was examined with confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and by statistically correlating the FFMQ
to measures of depression, self-compassion, rumination and experiential avoidance.
Results Findings supported the internal consistency of the FFMQ. CFA fit indices indicated that all correlated and hierarchical
models fitted the data acceptably, with results slightly favouring the correlated model. Contrary to predictions however, individual facet loadings showed that the facet Observe loaded strongly onto an overarching factor of mindfulness, whilst Nonjudge
loaded marginally. Nonjudge further showed a non-significant correlation with depression. However, exploratory post hoc
analysis presented findings inconsistent with CFA.
Conclusions In a sample of severely depressed individuals, psychometric investigation of the validity of the FFMQ highlighted
contradictory findings relating to “Nonjudge”. Whilst such findings potentially challenge the validity of the FFMQ for use in its
current structure in this sample, further investigation with a larger population is warranted.

KeywordsMindfulness . Psychometric properties . Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire . Depression
Year2021
JournalMindfulness
Journal citation12, pp. 1009-1021
PublisherSpringer
ISSN1868-8527
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01573-6
Web address (URL)https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12671-020-01573-6
Publication dates
Print18 Jan 2021
Publication process dates
Accepted01 Dec 2020
Deposited14 Apr 2022
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