The Use of Pattern Differentiation in WHO-Registered Traditional Chinese Medicine Trials – a systematic review

Journal article

Zhang, X., Tian, R., Zhao, C., Birch, S., Lee, J.A., Alraek, T., Bovey, M., Zaslawski, C., Robinson, N., Kim, T-H., Lee, M.S. and Bian, Z-X. (2019). The Use of Pattern Differentiation in WHO-Registered Traditional Chinese Medicine Trials – a systematic review. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 30, p. 100945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100945
AuthorsZhang, X., Tian, R., Zhao, C., Birch, S., Lee, J.A., Alraek, T., Bovey, M., Zaslawski, C., Robinson, N., Kim, T-H., Lee, M.S. and Bian, Z-X.
Abstract

Introduction: Pattern differentiation is a critical component for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment. However, the issue of whether pattern
differentiation is appropriately applied in TCM Interventional trials, including Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) interventions and non-herbal TCM interventions, is unclear. The aim of this study was to i) systematically review the current status of pattern differentiation used in WHO-registered clinical trials for different types of TCM
interventions; and ii) provide suggestions for improving the use of pattern differentiation in future clinical trial design.
Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) database was searched for all TCM interventional trials registered up to 31 December 2017. In this systematic review trials with a TCM pattern differentiation in their design were included. Descriptive statistics were collated to demonstrate the characteristics of pattern differentiation applied for different TCM interventional trials.
Results: Among 2,955 TCM interventional trials registered during 1999-2017, 376 (12.7%) trials included pattern differentiation. Of 376 trials, the use of pattern differentiation was identified in –title (30.6%), objective (50.5%), participants inclusion 4 (100%), outcomes (43.6%) and study background (12.5%). Further, 85.4% reported
the specific name of the TCM intervention, 10.6% provided the intervention’s targeted pattern, 83.8% reported the specific name of the TCM pattern, 7.2% presented diagnostic criteria for the pattern studied, and 19.1% adopted a pattern-related
outcome as primary outcome for evaluation.
Conclusion: The reporting and application of pattern differentiation in TCM trials were inadequate and confusing, which was mainly due to lack of clarity regarding study
design, objectives, diagnostic criteria and outcomes.

Year2019
JournalEuropean Journal of Integrative Medicine
Journal citation30, p. 100945
PublisherElsevier
ISSN1876-3820
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100945
Publication dates
Online21 Jul 2019
Publication process dates
Accepted19 Jul 2019
Deposited10 Sep 2019
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TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL ACUPOINT STIMULATION IMPROVES THE OUTCOMES OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED AND CONTROLLED STUDY
Qu, F, Wang, F-F, Wu, Y, Zhou, J, Robinson, N., Hardiman, P, Pan, J-X, He, Y-J, Zhu, Y-H, Wang, H-Z, Ye, X-Q, He, K-L, Cui, L, Zhao, H-L and Ye, Y-H (2017). TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL ACUPOINT STIMULATION IMPROVES THE OUTCOMES OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED AND CONTROLLED STUDY. Explore: The Journal of Science & Healing. 13 (5), pp. 306-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2017.06.004
The effects of acupuncture on polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Qu, F., Yan, W., Hu, X-Y., Barry, J.A., Zhou, J., Wang, F-F., Ye, Y-H., Han, S-P., Li, R., Taw, M.B., Hardiman, P.J. and Robinson, N. (2016). The effects of acupuncture on polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 8 (1), pp. 12-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2016.02.001
The role of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in sexual and reproductive health
Qidwai, W, Wong, W, Nanji, K and Robinson, N. (2016). The role of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in sexual and reproductive health. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 8 (1), pp. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2016.02.003
The Importance of Evidence for the Integration of Traditional and Complementary Medicine into Western Healthcare?
Robinson, N. (2016). The Importance of Evidence for the Integration of Traditional and Complementary Medicine into Western Healthcare? World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2 (1), pp. 74 - 79. https://doi.org/10.15806/j.issn.2311-8571.2015.0029
Harmonising data collection from osteoarthritis studies to enable stratification: Recommendations on core data collection from an Arthritis Research UK clinical studies group
Kingsbury, SR, Corp, N, Watt, FE, Felson, DT, O'Neill, TW, Holt, CA, Jones, RK, Conaghan, PG, Arden, NK, Adams, J, Appleyard, I, Birrell, F, Blank, M, Callaghan, MJ, Cumming, J, Chapman, GJ, Halstead, J, Hamilton, DF, Hurley, M, Martin, K, Mason, DJ, Nuki, G, Redmond, AC, Reilly, K, Robinson, N., Roddy, E, Simpson, H, Smith, TO, Thomas, C, Thomas, E, Wilkinson, J and Wise, E (2016). Harmonising data collection from osteoarthritis studies to enable stratification: Recommendations on core data collection from an Arthritis Research UK clinical studies group. Rheumatology (United Kingdom). 55 (8), pp. 1394-1402. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kew201
Introducing “Evidence for clinical practice” [Editorial]
Alper, BS, Malone-Moses, M, Manheimer, EW and Robinson, N. (2016). Introducing “Evidence for clinical practice” [Editorial]. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 8 (3), pp. 147-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2016.04.008
Pediatric integrative medicine needs research evidence to guide decision-making
Gardiner, P and Robinson, N. (2016). Pediatric integrative medicine needs research evidence to guide decision-making. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 8 (2), pp. 79 - 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2016.03.015
Bromelain and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes: An Exploratory Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind Clinical Trial
Ley, C., NI, Q, Liao, X, Gao, H-L and Robinson, N. (2016). Bromelain and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes: An Exploratory Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind Clinical Trial. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine. 22 (10), pp. 728-737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-016-2521-2
General Practitioners’ use of and attitudes to acupuncture in relation to the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guidelines—A pilot study
Czarnawska-Iliev, I and Robinson, N. (2016). General Practitioners’ use of and attitudes to acupuncture in relation to the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guidelines—A pilot study. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 8 (4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2016.07.004
Evidence is in the Eye of the Beholder: The case of the 2016 draft NICE Guidelines for Low Back Pain [editorial]
Hopper Koppelman, M, Bovey, M and Robinson, N. (2016). Evidence is in the Eye of the Beholder: The case of the 2016 draft NICE Guidelines for Low Back Pain [editorial]. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 8 (4).
Common mistakes when using plant names and how to avoid them
Dauncey, EA, Irving, J, Allkin, R and Robinson, N. (2016). Common mistakes when using plant names and how to avoid them. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 8 (5), pp. 597-601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2016.09.005
Integrating acupuncture: are there positive health outcomes for women?
Robinson, N. (2016). Integrating acupuncture: are there positive health outcomes for women? Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology). 18 (3), pp. 233-238. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B1600260
Is traditional Chinese medicine recommended in Western medicine clinicalpractice guidelines in China? A systematic analysis.
Ren, J, Xun, Li, Sun,, J, Han, M, Yang, G-Y., Li, W-Y., Robinson, N. and Lewith, G. (2015). Is traditional Chinese medicine recommended in Western medicine clinicalpractice guidelines in China? A systematic analysis. BMJ Open. 5 (6), pp. e006572-e006572. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006572
Traditional Chinese Medicine - challenges for research
Robinson, N. (2015). Traditional Chinese Medicine - challenges for research. in: McCarthy, P.W. and Langweiler, M. (ed.) Methodologies for Effectively Assessing Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) London Singing Dragon.
Acupuncture for the treatment of phantom limb syndrome in lower limb amputees: a randomised controlled feasibility study
Trevelyan, EG, Turner, WA, Summerfield-Mann, L and Robinson, N. (2015). Acupuncture for the treatment of phantom limb syndrome in lower limb amputees: a randomised controlled feasibility study. Trials. 16, p. 158. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0668-3
The politics of integrative medicine: The case of CAM
Saks, M and Robinson, N. (2015). The politics of integrative medicine: The case of CAM. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 7 (6), pp. 557-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2015.11.019
GAP: From sound design to practical implementation in clinical trials for traditional chinese medicine
Shang, H, Zhang, B, Bian, Z, Li, Y, Clarke, M and Robinson, N (2014). GAP: From sound design to practical implementation in clinical trials for traditional chinese medicine. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014, pp. 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/560838
The quest for modernisation of traditional Chinese medicine
Xu, Q, Bauer, R, Hendry, BM, Fan, TP, Zhao, Z, Duez, P, Simmonds, MSJ, Witt, CM, Lu, A, Robinson, N, Guo, DA and Hylands, PJ (2013). The quest for modernisation of traditional Chinese medicine. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 13 (1), pp. 132-. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-132
A systematic review of experimental and clinical acupuncture in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Franconi, G, Manni, L, Schröder, S, Marchetti, P and Robinson, N. (2013). A systematic review of experimental and clinical acupuncture in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (eCAM). 2013, p. 516916. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/516916
The evidence for Shiatsu: A systematic review of Shiatsu and acupressure
Robinson, N, Lorenc, A and Liao, X (2011). The evidence for Shiatsu: A systematic review of Shiatsu and acupressure. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 11 (1), pp. 88-. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-11-88
The RCCM 2009 survey: Mapping doctoral and postdoctoral CAM research in the United Kingdom
Robinson, N and Lewith, G (2011). The RCCM 2009 survey: Mapping doctoral and postdoctoral CAM research in the United Kingdom. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011, pp. 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep184
How parents choose to use CAM: A systematic review of theoretical models
Lorenc, A, Ilan-Clarke, Y, Robinson, N and Blair, M (2009). How parents choose to use CAM: A systematic review of theoretical models. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 9 (1), pp. 9-. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-9-9