An effect of semantic memory on immediate memory in the visual domain

The present study extends the findings of Hemmer and
Steyvers (2009a) by investigating the influence of semantic
memory on short-term visual memory. In an experiment we
tested how prior knowledge moderates serial position effects,
using familiar (vegetables) and non-familiar stimuli (random
shapes). Participants (Ps) saw lists of six images; each list
held images of vegetables or random shapes. Immediately
after list presentation, one of the items was presented again, in a new, randomly determined size. Ps were asked to resize the image so that it was as close as possible to the size of the just presented item. Results showed that, for the familiar items (vegetables), memory for the item’s size was supported by prior knowledge of the normal size of the objects; this was not the case for the random shapes. Moreover, there was a stronger serial position effect for random shapes than vegetables suggesting that for the serial positions where memory is typically lowest, the serial position effect was moderated through the support from long-term knowledge.