Antimicrobial Peptides with pH-Dependent Activity and Alkaline Optima: Their Origins, Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications
Journal article
Phoenix, D.A., Harris, F. and Dennison, S. (2021). Antimicrobial Peptides with pH-Dependent Activity and Alkaline Optima: Their Origins, Mechanisms of Action and Potential Applications. Current Protein & Peptide Science. 22 (11), pp. 775-799. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203722666210728105451
Authors | Phoenix, D.A., Harris, F. and Dennison, S. |
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Abstract | : A number of disorders and diseases are associated with conditions of high pH, and many conventional antibiotics lose their efficacy under these pH conditions, generating a need for novel antimicrobials. A potential solution to fulfill this need is Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) with high pH optima. This review shows that a variety of anionic and cationic AMPs with this pH dependency are produced by creatures across the eukaryotic kingdom, including rabbits, cattle, sheep, fish, crabs and frog. These AMPs exhibit activity against viruses, bacteria, and fungi that involve membrane interactions and appear to be facilitated by a variety of mechanisms that generally promote passage across membranes to attack intracellular targets, such as DNA or protein synthesisand/or membrane lysis. Some of these mechanisms are unknown, but those elucidated include the use of bacterial pores and transporters, the self-promoted uptake pathway, and established models of membrane interaction, such as the carpet mechanism, toroidal pore formation, the adoption of tilted peptide, and the SHM model. A variety of potential roles have been proposed for these AMPs, including use as antivirals, antibacterials, antifungals, adjuvants to antimicrobial therapy, biomarkers of disease, and probes for pathogenic microbes. In this review, these properties are described and discussed, emphasizing the antimicrobial mechanisms used by these AMPs and the pH dependency of these mechanisms. |
Keywords | Cell Biology; Molecular Biology; Biochemistry; General Medicine |
Year | 2021 |
Journal | Current Protein & Peptide Science |
Journal citation | 22 (11), pp. 775-799 |
Publisher | Bentham Science Publishers |
ISSN | 1389-2037 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.2174/1389203722666210728105451 |
Publication dates | |
28 Jul 2021 | |
Online | 27 Jul 2021 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 10 Apr 2021 |
Deposited | 15 Oct 2021 |
Accepted author manuscript | License File Access Level Open |
Additional information | The published manuscript is available at EurekaSelect via http://www.eurekaselect.com/10.2174/1389203722666210728105451 |
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