Sleep and psychological factors are associated with meeting discharge criteria to return to sport following ACL reconstruction in athletes

Journal article


Khalladi, K, Abdulaziz, Fa, Sas, B, Chtourou, H, Bouras, R, Racinais, S, Souissi, S, Gaoua, N, Chamari, K and El Massioui, F (2020). Sleep and psychological factors are associated with meeting discharge criteria to return to sport following ACL reconstruction in athletes. Biology of Sport. 38 (3), pp. 305-313. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2021.99704
AuthorsKhalladi, K, Abdulaziz, Fa, Sas, B, Chtourou, H, Bouras, R, Racinais, S, Souissi, S, Gaoua, N, Chamari, K and El Massioui, F
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine if sleep quality and psychological factors were associated with time to meet the discharge criteria to return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) among athletes experiencing better quality of sleep and psychological responses returning faster to full activity.
METHOD: A cohort-study design included 89 athletes following ACL-R. Each participant completed a battery of questionnaires at 6 different time points: within 3 days of injury occurrence and at post-surgery (1.5m, 3m, 4.5m, 6m and when discharge criteria were met). Assessment included sleep quality and quantity, symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, psychological readiness to RTS and fear of re-injury. The primary outcome was the time needed to meet all discharge criteria to RTS.
RESULTS: Sleep parameters and psychological factors were not associated with time to meet the discharge criteria to RTS. However, athletes that had low anxiety and insomnia scores at baseline and better sleep quality at 3m, 4.5m, 6m and at discharge were more adherent to the rehabilitation program and more likely to meet the RTS discharge criteria OR 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.34), 1.3 (95% CI 1.1, 1.7) and 2.0 (95% CI 1.1-3.4) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality and psychological factors were not associated with time to meet the discharge criteria to RTS but impacted whether athletes adhered and completed their rehabilitation program or not. Monitoring sleep quality and psychological factors of athletes before and following ACL-R surgery is important to identify athletes who could have difficulties in adhering to and completing their rehabilitation program to RTS.

KeywordsPSQI; Injury; Psychology; Athletes; Sport
Year2020
JournalBiology of Sport
Journal citation38 (3), pp. 305-313
PublisherTermedia Publishing
ISSN0860-021X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2021.99704
Publication dates
Online22 Oct 2020
Print24 Oct 2020
Publication process dates
Accepted15 Sep 2020
Deposited26 Oct 2020
Accepted author manuscript
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Open
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