Functional and evolutionary consequences of cranial fenestration in birds

Journal article


Gussekloo, S., Berthaume, M., Pulaski, D., Westbroek, I., Waarsing, J., Heinen, R., Grosse, I. and Dumont, E. (2017). Functional and evolutionary consequences of cranial fenestration in birds. Evolution. 71 (5), pp. 1327-1338. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13210
AuthorsGussekloo, S., Berthaume, M., Pulaski, D., Westbroek, I., Waarsing, J., Heinen, R., Grosse, I. and Dumont, E.
Abstract

Ostrich-like birds (Palaeognathae) show very little taxonomic diversity while their sister taxon (Neognathae) contains roughly 10,000 species. The main anatomical differences between the two taxa are in the crania. Palaeognaths lack an element in the bill called the lateral bar that is present in both ancestral theropods and modern neognaths, and have thin zones in the bones of the bill, and robust bony elements on the ventral surface of their crania. Here we use a combination of modeling and developmental experiments to investigate the processes that might have led to these differences. Engineering-based finite element analyses
indicate that removing the lateral bars from a neognath increases mechanical stress in the upper bill and the ventral elements of the skull, regions that are either more robust or more flexible in palaeognaths. Surgically removing the lateral bar from neognath hatchlings led to similar changes. These results indicate that the lateral bar is load-bearing and suggest that this function was transferred to other bony elements when it was lost in palaeognaths. It is possible that the loss of the load-bearing lateral bar might have constrained diversification of skull morphology in palaeognaths and thus limited taxonomic diversity within the group.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gussekloo, S. W., Berthaume, M. A., Pulaski, D. R., Westbroek, I. , Waarsing, J. H., Heinen, R. , Grosse, I. R. and Dumont, E. R. (2017), Functional and evolutionary consequences of cranial fenestration in birds. Evolution, 71: 1327-1338., which has been published in final form at 10.1111/evo.13210. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.

KeywordsAdaptive radiation; avian evolution; cranial morphology; fenestration; finite element modeling
Year2017
JournalEvolution
Journal citation71 (5), pp. 1327-1338
PublisherWiley
ISSN0014-3820
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.13210
Funder/ClientNational Science Foundation
Publication dates
Print23 Feb 2017
Publication process dates
Accepted27 Jan 2017
Deposited14 Nov 2019
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Open
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