Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1923–1994), (S0140673618322256), (10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6))

Journal article


Stanaway, JD, Afshin, A, Gakidou, E, Lim, SS, Abate, D, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abera, SF, Abil, OZ, Abraha, HN, Abrham, AR, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Adamu, AA, Adane, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, OO, Adib, MG, Admasie, A, Adsuar, JC, Afanvi, KA, Afarideh, M, Agarwal, G, Aggarwal, A, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akbari, ME, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, SM, Alene, KA, Ali, K, Ali, SM, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ammar, W, Anber, NH, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, MG, Antó, JM, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Appiah, LT, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB and Azzopardi, PS (2019). Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1923–1994), (S0140673618322256), (10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6)). The Lancet. 393 (10190), pp. e44-. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31429-1
AuthorsStanaway, JD, Afshin, A, Gakidou, E, Lim, SS, Abate, D, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abera, SF, Abil, OZ, Abraha, HN, Abrham, AR, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Adamu, AA, Adane, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, OO, Adib, MG, Admasie, A, Adsuar, JC, Afanvi, KA, Afarideh, M, Agarwal, G, Aggarwal, A, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akbari, ME, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, SM, Alene, KA, Ali, K, Ali, SM, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ammar, W, Anber, NH, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, MG, Antó, JM, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Appiah, LT, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB and Azzopardi, PS
Abstract

Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning.

Year2019
JournalThe Lancet
Journal citation393 (10190), pp. e44-
PublisherElsevier BV
ISSN0140-6736
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31429-1
Publication dates
Print22 Jun 2019
Publication process dates
Deposited01 Feb 2021
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Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050
Chang, AY, Cowling, K, Micah, AE, Chapin, A, Chen, CS, Ikilezi, G, Sadat, N, Tsakalos, G, Wu, J, Younker, T, Zhao, Y, Zlavog, BS, Abbafati, C, Ahmed, AE, Alam, K, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almalki, MJ, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ammar, W, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awasthi, A, Ayanore, MA, Azari, S, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Bagherzadeh, M, Bärnighausen, TW, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Belay, YB, Belay, YA, Belete, H, Berbada, DA, Berman, AE, Beuran, M, Bijani, A, Busse, R, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, LA, Catalá-López, F, Chauhan, BG, Constantin, MM, Crowe, CS, Cucu, A, Dalal, K, De Neve, JW, Deiparine, S, Demeke, FM, Do, HP, Dubey, M, El Tantawi, M, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeili, R, Fakhar, M, Fazaeli, AA, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Fukumoto, T, Fullman, N, Galan, A, Gamkrelidze, A, Gezae, KE, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Goginashvili, K, Haakenstad, A, Haghparast Bidgoli, H, Hamidi, S, Harb, HL, Hasanpoor, E, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Homaie Rad, E, Hossain, N, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, James, SL, Jonas, JB, Jürisson, M, Kadel, R, Karami Matin, B, Kasaeian, A, Kasaye, HK and Kassaw, MW (2019). Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050. The Lancet. 393 (10187), pp. 2233-2260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30841-4
A joint text mining-rank size investigation of the rhetoric structures of the US Presidents’ speeches
Ficcadenti, V, Cerqueti, R. and Ausloos, M. (2019). A joint text mining-rank size investigation of the rhetoric structures of the US Presidents’ speeches. Expert Systems with Applications. 123, pp. 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2018.12.049
Money's Importance from the religious perspective
Dhesi, G., Herteliu, C., Jianu, I., Jianu, J., Bobb, V.C., Ceptureanu, S.I., Ceptureanu, E.G. and Ausloos, M. (2019). Money's Importance from the religious perspective. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-019-03488-5
Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Griswold, MG, Fullman, N, Hawley, C, Arian, N, Zimsen, SRM, Tymeson, HD, Venkateswaran, V, Tapp, AD, Forouzanfar, MH, Salama, JS, Abate, KH, Abate, D, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, Z, Aboyans, V, Abrar, MM, Acharya, P, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhikari, TB, Adsuar, JC, Afarideh, M, Agardh, EE, Agarwal, G, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, S, Ahmed, MB, Akibu, M, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al Asfoor, DH, Al-Aly, Z, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Albujeer, A, Alene, KA, Ali, R, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Allebeck, P, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Aminde, LN, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Amul, GGH, Andrei, CL, Angus, C, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Assadi, R, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, PS, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Barker-Collo, SL, Barrero, LH, Basaleem, H, Baye, E, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Belachew, AB, Belay, SA, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, RS, Beyene, AS, Beyranvand, T, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bililign, N, Birlik, SM, Birungi, C, Bizuneh, H, Bjerregaard, P, Bjørge, T, Borges, G, Bosetti, C, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Brenner, H and Butt, ZA (2018). Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 392 (10152), pp. 1015-1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Stanaway, JD, Afshin, A, Gakidou, E, Lim, SS, Abate, D, Abate, KH, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abera, SF, Abil, OZ, Abraha, HN, Abrham, AR, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Adamu, AA, Adane, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, OO, Adib, MG, Admasie, A, Adsuar, JC, Afanvi, KA, Afarideh, M, Agarwal, G, Aggarwal, A, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akbari, ME, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, S, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, SM, Alene, KA, Ali, K, Ali, SM, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Ammar, W, Anber, NH, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, MG, Antó, JM, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Appiah, LT, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB and Azzopardi, PS (2018). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 392 (10159), pp. 1923-1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7))
Roth, GA, Abate, D, Abate, KH, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, HT, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abejie, AN, Abera, SF, Abil, OZ, Abraha, HN, Abrham, AR, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhena, BM, Adib, MG, Admasie, A, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, KM, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, S, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akbari, ME, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alene, KA, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Aminde, LN, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Atre, SR, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayele, Y, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, PS, Babazadeh, A, Bacha, U, Badali, H and Badawi, A (2018). Erratum: Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2018) 392(10159) (1736–1788)(S0140673618322037)(10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7)). The Lancet. 392 (10160), pp. 2170-. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32833-2
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Kyu, HH, Abate, D, Abate, KH, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abil, OZ, Aboyans, V, Abrham, AR, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Ackerman, IN, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Ademi, Z, Adetokunboh, OO, Adib, MG, Adsuar, JC, Afanvi, KA, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, KM, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, S, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, SM, Alene, KA, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Aminde, LN, Amini, E, Amiresmaili, M, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, PS, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H and Balakrishnan, K (2018). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 392 (10159), pp. 1859-1922. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32335-3
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Fullman, N, Yearwood, J, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abebe, Z, Abebo, TA, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abreu, DMX, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Adane, AA, Adedoyin, RA, Adetokunboh, O, Adhikari, TB, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmad Kiadaliri, A, Aichour, MTE, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al Lami, FH, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alasfoor, D, Albittar, MI, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, SD, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alomari, MA, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amenu, K, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, N, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Araújo, VEM, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Asgedom, SW, Asghar, RJ, Ashebir, MM, Asseffa, NA, Atey, TM, Atre, SR, Atteraya, MS, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayalew, AA, Ayele, HT, Ayer, R, Ayuk, TB, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Babalola, TK, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Banach, M, Banerjee, A, Banstola, A, Barber, RM, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, T, Barquera, S, Barrero, LH, Bassat, Q, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N and Beghi, E (2018). Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet. 391 (10136), pp. 2236-2271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30994-2
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Dicker, D, Nguyen, G, Abate, D, Abate, KH, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdi, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abdurahman, AA, Abebe, HT, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abebo, TA, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abrham, AR, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, P, Adebayo, OM, Adedeji, IA, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhena, BM, Adhikari, TB, Adib, MG, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MLCB, Ahmed, S, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akanda, AS, Akbari, ME, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alebel, A, Aleman, AV, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, R, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, CA, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Anlay, DZ, Ansari, H, Ansariadi, A, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Appiah, SCY, Aremu, O, Areri, HA, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, M, Artaman, A and Aryal, KK (2018). Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 392 (10159), pp. 1684-1735. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31891-9
Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Lozano, R, Fullman, N, Abate, D, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdi, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, ND, Abebe, Z, Abejie, AN, Abera, SF, Abil, OZ, Aboyans, V, Abraha, HN, Abrham, AR, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Abyu, GY, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedeji, IA, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhena, BM, Adhikari, TB, Adib, MG, Adou, AK, Adsuar, JC, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Aghayan, SA, Agius, D, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, S, Akalu, TY, Akanda, AS, Akbari, ME, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, RO, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, T, Albujeer, A, Alebel, A, Alene, KA, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, CA, Almasi, A, Al-Maskari, F, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amenu, K, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Anber, NH, Anderson, JA, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, H, Ansariadi, A, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P and Appiah, LT (2018). Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 392 (10159), pp. 2091-2138. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32281-5
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
James, SL, Abate, D, Abate, KH, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, Z, Abera, SF, Abil, OZ, Abraha, HN, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Acharya, P, Ackerman, IN, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adib, MG, Adsuar, JC, Afanvi, KA, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, KM, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, SA, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alashi, A, Alavian, SM, Alene, KA, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alouani, MML, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Aminde, LN, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Arabloo, J, Arauz, A, Aremu, O, Ariani, F, Armoon, B, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, A, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asghar, RJ, Ataro, Z, Atre, SR, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, PS, Babazadeh, A, Badali, H, Badawi, A and Bali, AG (2018). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 392 (10159), pp. 1789-1858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Roth, GA, Abate, D, Abate, KH, Abay, SM, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, RS, Abebe, HT, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abejie, AN, Abera, SF, Abil, OZ, Abraha, HN, Abrham, AR, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Accrombessi, MMK, Acharya, D, Adamu, AA, Adebayo, OM, Adedoyin, RA, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Adhena, BM, Adib, MG, Admasie, A, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agesa, KM, Agrawal, A, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmed, MB, Ahmed, S, Aichour, AN, Aichour, I, Aichour, MTE, Akbari, ME, Akinyemi, RO, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alahdab, F, Alam, K, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alene, KA, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, SM, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Alonso, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Aminde, LN, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Animut, MD, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, H, Ansha, MG, Antonio, CAT, Anwari, P, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arora, A, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, KK, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, ET, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Atre, SR, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Ayala Quintanilla, BP, Ayele, Y, Ayer, R, Azzopardi, PS, Babazadeh, A, Bacha, U, Badali, H, Badawi, A and Herteliu, C. (2018). Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 392 (10159), pp. 1736-1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7
Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970-2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
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Hut-Like Pillar Si Solar Cells
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