I DoBEIC2021 An overview of the methods and technologies for removal of carbon dioxide from the environment

According to The World Counts, about 2,400 gigatons of CO2 were emitted by human activities
between 1850 and 2019 and most climate models indicate that by 2050, there will be a need to
extract billions of metric tons of CO2 per year whilst pursuing emissions reductions. Carbon Capture
and Storage (CCS) is considered as one of the most significant approaches that can reduce CO2
emissions concentration from the atmosphere. Carbon sequestration can take many forms, ranging
from emerging technologies to land management practices. This paper discusses the three main
methods and the various technologies for removing CO2 from the air and combustible gas streams.
It clarifies the indistinctness in the use of technology and method in the CO2 capture context. Also,
this paper rectifies definitional uncertainty in the use of CO2 capture and separation. Furthermore,
the paper demonstrates the energy intensiveness, financial implications and reasons as to why the
technologies are not commercially being deployed for CCS using the Technology Readiness Level
(TRL)